Fertilization Alters Indicator Species Serving as Bioindicators for Evaluating Agricultural Practices Related to Maize Grain Yield

Diversified agricultural practices reconfigure agroecosystem services by modifying fertilization, tillage intensities, and cropping patterns, altering soil properties and microbial assemblages. However, microbial communities, as critical bioindicators of soil health and productivity, respond to agri...

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Main Authors: Guoqiang Li, Jiaqing Liu, Wenya Zhang, Jvshui Hu, Peng Shi, Gehong Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1384
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author Guoqiang Li
Jiaqing Liu
Wenya Zhang
Jvshui Hu
Peng Shi
Gehong Wei
author_facet Guoqiang Li
Jiaqing Liu
Wenya Zhang
Jvshui Hu
Peng Shi
Gehong Wei
author_sort Guoqiang Li
collection DOAJ
description Diversified agricultural practices reconfigure agroecosystem services by modifying fertilization, tillage intensities, and cropping patterns, altering soil properties and microbial assemblages. However, microbial communities, as critical bioindicators of soil health and productivity, respond to agricultural disturbances, and the effects of multiple practices on productivity-associated indicator species require further validation. Using 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing, this study employed a field experiment to investigate the effects of agricultural practices on soil properties, maize productivity, and microbial communities under two fertilization treatments. Within each treatment, we assessed correlations between indicator species associated with cropping–tillage practices and soil productivity. Results showed that fertilization significantly altered soil properties, increased maize grain yield by 23.9%, and reshaped bacterial and fungal community structures, increasing bacterial richness by 23% but reducing fungal richness and Shannon index by 15% and 20%, respectively. Furthermore, cropping–tillage practices significantly affected microbial communities and grain yields in both fertilized and unfertilized treatments despite a slight influence on soil properties. Distinct sets of bacterial and fungal indicator species were identified for each fertilization treatment: unfertilized soils harbored 21 dominant bacterial indicator species (e.g., <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Rhizobium</i>, <i>Streptomyces</i>) and 8 fungal indicators (e.g., <i>Cryptococcus</i>, <i>Gibberella</i>, <i>Tetracladium</i>); fertilized soils contained 24 dominant bacterial indicators (e.g., <i>Fusobacterium</i>, <i>Clostridium</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>) and 6 fungal indicators (e.g., <i>Gibberella</i>, <i>Cladosporium</i>, <i>Mortierella</i>). Notably, abundances of specific indicator genera (e.g., bacteria: <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Gemmatirosa</i>, <i>Iamia</i>, <i>Lysobacter</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Sutterella</i>; fungi: <i>Glomus</i>, <i>Fusicolla</i> in unfertilized soil; bacteria: <i>Dinghuibacter</i>, <i>Haliangium</i>, <i>Kribbella</i>, <i>Rhodomicrobium</i>, <i>Terrimonas</i>; fungi: <i>Pulvinula</i> in fertilized soil) correlated positively with grain yields. These findings demonstrate that fertilization reshapes the composition of microbial indicator species significantly associated with maize productivity. Tailored microbial indicator assemblages specific to distinct fertilization strategies are therefore essential for evaluating crop productivity and assessing agricultural practice impacts. Consequently, monitoring these indicator species enables rapid assessment of soil fertility changes, offering guidance for fertilization management.
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spelling doaj-art-0df3e232dec94ee38aeaae60e6d36e6c2025-08-20T03:27:25ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-06-01136138410.3390/microorganisms13061384Fertilization Alters Indicator Species Serving as Bioindicators for Evaluating Agricultural Practices Related to Maize Grain YieldGuoqiang Li0Jiaqing Liu1Wenya Zhang2Jvshui Hu3Peng Shi4Gehong Wei5State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaDiversified agricultural practices reconfigure agroecosystem services by modifying fertilization, tillage intensities, and cropping patterns, altering soil properties and microbial assemblages. However, microbial communities, as critical bioindicators of soil health and productivity, respond to agricultural disturbances, and the effects of multiple practices on productivity-associated indicator species require further validation. Using 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing, this study employed a field experiment to investigate the effects of agricultural practices on soil properties, maize productivity, and microbial communities under two fertilization treatments. Within each treatment, we assessed correlations between indicator species associated with cropping–tillage practices and soil productivity. Results showed that fertilization significantly altered soil properties, increased maize grain yield by 23.9%, and reshaped bacterial and fungal community structures, increasing bacterial richness by 23% but reducing fungal richness and Shannon index by 15% and 20%, respectively. Furthermore, cropping–tillage practices significantly affected microbial communities and grain yields in both fertilized and unfertilized treatments despite a slight influence on soil properties. Distinct sets of bacterial and fungal indicator species were identified for each fertilization treatment: unfertilized soils harbored 21 dominant bacterial indicator species (e.g., <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Rhizobium</i>, <i>Streptomyces</i>) and 8 fungal indicators (e.g., <i>Cryptococcus</i>, <i>Gibberella</i>, <i>Tetracladium</i>); fertilized soils contained 24 dominant bacterial indicators (e.g., <i>Fusobacterium</i>, <i>Clostridium</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>) and 6 fungal indicators (e.g., <i>Gibberella</i>, <i>Cladosporium</i>, <i>Mortierella</i>). Notably, abundances of specific indicator genera (e.g., bacteria: <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Gemmatirosa</i>, <i>Iamia</i>, <i>Lysobacter</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Sutterella</i>; fungi: <i>Glomus</i>, <i>Fusicolla</i> in unfertilized soil; bacteria: <i>Dinghuibacter</i>, <i>Haliangium</i>, <i>Kribbella</i>, <i>Rhodomicrobium</i>, <i>Terrimonas</i>; fungi: <i>Pulvinula</i> in fertilized soil) correlated positively with grain yields. These findings demonstrate that fertilization reshapes the composition of microbial indicator species significantly associated with maize productivity. Tailored microbial indicator assemblages specific to distinct fertilization strategies are therefore essential for evaluating crop productivity and assessing agricultural practice impacts. Consequently, monitoring these indicator species enables rapid assessment of soil fertility changes, offering guidance for fertilization management.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1384agricultural practicessoil microbial communityfertilizationindicator speciesmaize productivity
spellingShingle Guoqiang Li
Jiaqing Liu
Wenya Zhang
Jvshui Hu
Peng Shi
Gehong Wei
Fertilization Alters Indicator Species Serving as Bioindicators for Evaluating Agricultural Practices Related to Maize Grain Yield
Microorganisms
agricultural practices
soil microbial community
fertilization
indicator species
maize productivity
title Fertilization Alters Indicator Species Serving as Bioindicators for Evaluating Agricultural Practices Related to Maize Grain Yield
title_full Fertilization Alters Indicator Species Serving as Bioindicators for Evaluating Agricultural Practices Related to Maize Grain Yield
title_fullStr Fertilization Alters Indicator Species Serving as Bioindicators for Evaluating Agricultural Practices Related to Maize Grain Yield
title_full_unstemmed Fertilization Alters Indicator Species Serving as Bioindicators for Evaluating Agricultural Practices Related to Maize Grain Yield
title_short Fertilization Alters Indicator Species Serving as Bioindicators for Evaluating Agricultural Practices Related to Maize Grain Yield
title_sort fertilization alters indicator species serving as bioindicators for evaluating agricultural practices related to maize grain yield
topic agricultural practices
soil microbial community
fertilization
indicator species
maize productivity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1384
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