Biomechanics Parameters of Gait Analysis to Characterize Parkinson’s Disease: A Scoping Review
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a slow, short-stepping, shuffling gait pattern caused by a combination of motor control limitations due to a reduction in dopaminergic neurons. Gait disorders are indicators of global health, cognitive status, and risk of falls and increase with disease p...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Michela Russo Marianna Amboni Noemi Pisani Antonio Volzone Danilo Calderone Paolo Barone Francesco Amato Carlo Ricciardi Maria Romano |
| author_facet | Michela Russo Marianna Amboni Noemi Pisani Antonio Volzone Danilo Calderone Paolo Barone Francesco Amato Carlo Ricciardi Maria Romano |
| author_sort | Michela Russo |
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| description | Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a slow, short-stepping, shuffling gait pattern caused by a combination of motor control limitations due to a reduction in dopaminergic neurons. Gait disorders are indicators of global health, cognitive status, and risk of falls and increase with disease progression. Therefore, the use of quantitative information on the gait mechanisms of PD patients is a promising approach, particularly for monitoring gait disorders and potentially informing therapeutic interventions, though it is not yet a well-established tool for early diagnosis or direct assessment of disease progression. Over the years, many studies have investigated the spatiotemporal parameters that are altered in the PD gait pattern, while kinematic and kinetic gait parameters are more limited. A scoping review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The Scopus and PubMed databases were searched between 1999 and 2023. A total of 29 articles were included that reported gait changes in PD patients under different gait conditions: single free walking, sequential motor task, and dual task. The main findings of our review highlighted the use of optoelectronic systems for recording kinematic parameters and force plates for measuring kinetic parameters, due to their high accuracy. Most gait analyses in PD patients have been conducted at self-selected walking speeds to capture natural movement, although studies have also examined gait under various conditions. The results of our review indicated that PD patients experience alterations in the range of motion of the hip, knee, and ankle joints, as well as a reduction in the power generated/absorbed and the extensor/flexor moments. These findings suggest that the PD gait pattern may be more effectively understood using kinematic and kinetic parameters. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-0df3ad50821240d7b7d9fc647b6e60812025-01-24T13:48:34ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-01-0125233810.3390/s25020338Biomechanics Parameters of Gait Analysis to Characterize Parkinson’s Disease: A Scoping ReviewMichela Russo0Marianna Amboni1Noemi Pisani2Antonio Volzone3Danilo Calderone4Paolo Barone5Francesco Amato6Carlo Ricciardi7Maria Romano8Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, ItalyCenter for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, ItalyDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, ItalyCenter for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, ItalyDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, ItalyCenter for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84131 Salerno, ItalyDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, ItalyParkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a slow, short-stepping, shuffling gait pattern caused by a combination of motor control limitations due to a reduction in dopaminergic neurons. Gait disorders are indicators of global health, cognitive status, and risk of falls and increase with disease progression. Therefore, the use of quantitative information on the gait mechanisms of PD patients is a promising approach, particularly for monitoring gait disorders and potentially informing therapeutic interventions, though it is not yet a well-established tool for early diagnosis or direct assessment of disease progression. Over the years, many studies have investigated the spatiotemporal parameters that are altered in the PD gait pattern, while kinematic and kinetic gait parameters are more limited. A scoping review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The Scopus and PubMed databases were searched between 1999 and 2023. A total of 29 articles were included that reported gait changes in PD patients under different gait conditions: single free walking, sequential motor task, and dual task. The main findings of our review highlighted the use of optoelectronic systems for recording kinematic parameters and force plates for measuring kinetic parameters, due to their high accuracy. Most gait analyses in PD patients have been conducted at self-selected walking speeds to capture natural movement, although studies have also examined gait under various conditions. The results of our review indicated that PD patients experience alterations in the range of motion of the hip, knee, and ankle joints, as well as a reduction in the power generated/absorbed and the extensor/flexor moments. These findings suggest that the PD gait pattern may be more effectively understood using kinematic and kinetic parameters.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/2/338gait analysisbiomechanicskinematicskineticsParkinson’s disease |
| spellingShingle | Michela Russo Marianna Amboni Noemi Pisani Antonio Volzone Danilo Calderone Paolo Barone Francesco Amato Carlo Ricciardi Maria Romano Biomechanics Parameters of Gait Analysis to Characterize Parkinson’s Disease: A Scoping Review Sensors gait analysis biomechanics kinematics kinetics Parkinson’s disease |
| title | Biomechanics Parameters of Gait Analysis to Characterize Parkinson’s Disease: A Scoping Review |
| title_full | Biomechanics Parameters of Gait Analysis to Characterize Parkinson’s Disease: A Scoping Review |
| title_fullStr | Biomechanics Parameters of Gait Analysis to Characterize Parkinson’s Disease: A Scoping Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomechanics Parameters of Gait Analysis to Characterize Parkinson’s Disease: A Scoping Review |
| title_short | Biomechanics Parameters of Gait Analysis to Characterize Parkinson’s Disease: A Scoping Review |
| title_sort | biomechanics parameters of gait analysis to characterize parkinson s disease a scoping review |
| topic | gait analysis biomechanics kinematics kinetics Parkinson’s disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/2/338 |
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