Developing non-invasive molecular markers for early risk assessment of Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease, with no standard biomarker(s) to detect or confirm its risk at an early stage. The prevalence of AD increases exponentially worldwide in people of ages over 65 and older. Current improvements have unveiled the disease's...
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144625000024 |
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| author | Tapas K. Sur Tanmoy Mondal Zarish Noreen Jheannelle Johnson Gail Nunlee-Bland Christopher A. Loffredo Brent E. Korba Vijay Chandra Siddhartha S. Jana Bernard Kwabi-Addo Sumit Sarkar Somiranjan Ghosh |
| author_facet | Tapas K. Sur Tanmoy Mondal Zarish Noreen Jheannelle Johnson Gail Nunlee-Bland Christopher A. Loffredo Brent E. Korba Vijay Chandra Siddhartha S. Jana Bernard Kwabi-Addo Sumit Sarkar Somiranjan Ghosh |
| author_sort | Tapas K. Sur |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease, with no standard biomarker(s) to detect or confirm its risk at an early stage. The prevalence of AD increases exponentially worldwide in people of ages over 65 and older. Current improvements have unveiled the disease's pathophysiology and clinical diagnostic tests, targeting the neurological changes (neurodegeneration, amyloid precursor protein metabolism and tangle pathology) with precise PET/MRI imaging and xMAP/SIMOA (Multiplex simultaneous detection/single molecule array) to identify and quantify β-amyloids (Aβ40, Aβ42), total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) proteins in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients. However, their utility for diagnosis in routine clinical practice is still challenging because of cost, accessibility, standardization, procedural limitation, and regulatory approval. Further research is needed to establish affordable, patient-friendly, easy, quick, and robust biomarkers for early AD detection, progression, and therapeutic management. Research on blood-based preclinical diagnosis and clinical practice for AD has advanced significantly in the last decade. Emerging literature supports the importance of new molecular biomarkers and signature genes from blood to detect and predict AD in advance. This review examines the potential applications of these blood-based target biomarkers for early disease detection, co-morbid condition risk prediction, and treatment management of AD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0ddd252bf267477fbde657a9c963ba7d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-1446 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry |
| spelling | doaj-art-0ddd252bf267477fbde657a9c963ba7d2025-02-06T05:12:47ZengElsevierBiomarkers in Neuropsychiatry2666-14462025-06-0112100120Developing non-invasive molecular markers for early risk assessment of Alzheimer's diseaseTapas K. Sur0Tanmoy Mondal1Zarish Noreen2Jheannelle Johnson3Gail Nunlee-Bland4Christopher A. Loffredo5Brent E. Korba6Vijay Chandra7Siddhartha S. Jana8Bernard Kwabi-Addo9Sumit Sarkar10Somiranjan Ghosh11Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USADepartment of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USADepartment of Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, PakistanDepartment of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USADepartments of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USADepartment of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USADepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USADepartment of Neurology, Primus Hospital, New Delhi 110021, IndiaLaboratory of Molecular & Cellular Biology (LMCB), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USADivision of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US-FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USADepartment of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; Correspondence to: 415 College Street, NW, Room 408, EE Just Hall, Washington, DC 20059, USA.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease, with no standard biomarker(s) to detect or confirm its risk at an early stage. The prevalence of AD increases exponentially worldwide in people of ages over 65 and older. Current improvements have unveiled the disease's pathophysiology and clinical diagnostic tests, targeting the neurological changes (neurodegeneration, amyloid precursor protein metabolism and tangle pathology) with precise PET/MRI imaging and xMAP/SIMOA (Multiplex simultaneous detection/single molecule array) to identify and quantify β-amyloids (Aβ40, Aβ42), total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) proteins in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients. However, their utility for diagnosis in routine clinical practice is still challenging because of cost, accessibility, standardization, procedural limitation, and regulatory approval. Further research is needed to establish affordable, patient-friendly, easy, quick, and robust biomarkers for early AD detection, progression, and therapeutic management. Research on blood-based preclinical diagnosis and clinical practice for AD has advanced significantly in the last decade. Emerging literature supports the importance of new molecular biomarkers and signature genes from blood to detect and predict AD in advance. This review examines the potential applications of these blood-based target biomarkers for early disease detection, co-morbid condition risk prediction, and treatment management of AD.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144625000024Alzheimer’s Diseaseβ-amyloidtauAPOETranscriptome analysisBlood Biomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Tapas K. Sur Tanmoy Mondal Zarish Noreen Jheannelle Johnson Gail Nunlee-Bland Christopher A. Loffredo Brent E. Korba Vijay Chandra Siddhartha S. Jana Bernard Kwabi-Addo Sumit Sarkar Somiranjan Ghosh Developing non-invasive molecular markers for early risk assessment of Alzheimer's disease Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry Alzheimer’s Disease β-amyloid tau APOE Transcriptome analysis Blood Biomarkers |
| title | Developing non-invasive molecular markers for early risk assessment of Alzheimer's disease |
| title_full | Developing non-invasive molecular markers for early risk assessment of Alzheimer's disease |
| title_fullStr | Developing non-invasive molecular markers for early risk assessment of Alzheimer's disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Developing non-invasive molecular markers for early risk assessment of Alzheimer's disease |
| title_short | Developing non-invasive molecular markers for early risk assessment of Alzheimer's disease |
| title_sort | developing non invasive molecular markers for early risk assessment of alzheimer s disease |
| topic | Alzheimer’s Disease β-amyloid tau APOE Transcriptome analysis Blood Biomarkers |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144625000024 |
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