Pediatric infections in the first year of life following maternal biologic exposure for autoimmune disorder treatment: A systematic review

Pregnancy induces immunologic and physiologic changes that can alter disease activity for women with autoimmune disorders (AD), and if exacerbated, may necessitate treatment. Biologics are increasingly prescribed due to their targeted effects, but transplacental transfer to the fetus may increase po...

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Main Authors: Renee Gabrielle Fajardo, Akash Uddandam, Jessie Cunningham, Cristina Longo, Sonia M. Grandi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Pharmacological Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661825002178
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author Renee Gabrielle Fajardo
Akash Uddandam
Jessie Cunningham
Cristina Longo
Sonia M. Grandi
author_facet Renee Gabrielle Fajardo
Akash Uddandam
Jessie Cunningham
Cristina Longo
Sonia M. Grandi
author_sort Renee Gabrielle Fajardo
collection DOAJ
description Pregnancy induces immunologic and physiologic changes that can alter disease activity for women with autoimmune disorders (AD), and if exacerbated, may necessitate treatment. Biologics are increasingly prescribed due to their targeted effects, but transplacental transfer to the fetus may increase potential risks to the infant. This review examines the risk of infection and respiratory distress in the first year of life among infants born to women with AD using biologics during pregnancy versus infants exposed to standard therapies. We systematically searched five databases from January 2012 to June 2023. Inclusion was restricted to cohort and case-control studies including infants born to women with rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, or systemic lupus erythematosus prescribed a biologic or standard therapy during pregnancy. Quality assessment was performed using the ROBINS-I tool for observational studies. Due to between-study heterogeneity in effect estimates and outcomes, studies were not pooled. Of 2975 identified citations, 10 studies were included. In three studies examining the risk of infant infection, findings were inconsistent largely due to lack of precision (OR range: 0.6–1.4, 95 % CI range: 0.2–2.8). For respiratory distress, two studies reported an increased risk among infants exposed to biologics (HR 1.30, 95 % CI 1.03,1.74 and RR 1.52, 95 % CI 1.06, 2.18) while one did not. Most studies (80 %) had a moderate risk of bias. The findings suggest conflicting results for the risk of infant infection and possible associations with respiratory distress. Given the limited number of studies, additional studies are needed to inform treatment decisions for AD during pregnancy.
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spelling doaj-art-0cd3c02d05e34ac183f0aa305376abd32025-08-20T03:19:56ZengElsevierPharmacological Research1096-11862025-07-0121710779210.1016/j.phrs.2025.107792Pediatric infections in the first year of life following maternal biologic exposure for autoimmune disorder treatment: A systematic reviewRenee Gabrielle Fajardo0Akash Uddandam1Jessie Cunningham2Cristina Longo3Sonia M. Grandi4Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, CanadaChild Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, CanadaHealth Sciences Library, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, CanadaFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, CanadaChild Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Correspondence to: The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.Pregnancy induces immunologic and physiologic changes that can alter disease activity for women with autoimmune disorders (AD), and if exacerbated, may necessitate treatment. Biologics are increasingly prescribed due to their targeted effects, but transplacental transfer to the fetus may increase potential risks to the infant. This review examines the risk of infection and respiratory distress in the first year of life among infants born to women with AD using biologics during pregnancy versus infants exposed to standard therapies. We systematically searched five databases from January 2012 to June 2023. Inclusion was restricted to cohort and case-control studies including infants born to women with rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, or systemic lupus erythematosus prescribed a biologic or standard therapy during pregnancy. Quality assessment was performed using the ROBINS-I tool for observational studies. Due to between-study heterogeneity in effect estimates and outcomes, studies were not pooled. Of 2975 identified citations, 10 studies were included. In three studies examining the risk of infant infection, findings were inconsistent largely due to lack of precision (OR range: 0.6–1.4, 95 % CI range: 0.2–2.8). For respiratory distress, two studies reported an increased risk among infants exposed to biologics (HR 1.30, 95 % CI 1.03,1.74 and RR 1.52, 95 % CI 1.06, 2.18) while one did not. Most studies (80 %) had a moderate risk of bias. The findings suggest conflicting results for the risk of infant infection and possible associations with respiratory distress. Given the limited number of studies, additional studies are needed to inform treatment decisions for AD during pregnancy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661825002178PregnancyAutoimmune disordersBiologicsPediatric infectionRheumatoid arthritisSystemic lupus erythematosus
spellingShingle Renee Gabrielle Fajardo
Akash Uddandam
Jessie Cunningham
Cristina Longo
Sonia M. Grandi
Pediatric infections in the first year of life following maternal biologic exposure for autoimmune disorder treatment: A systematic review
Pharmacological Research
Pregnancy
Autoimmune disorders
Biologics
Pediatric infection
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
title Pediatric infections in the first year of life following maternal biologic exposure for autoimmune disorder treatment: A systematic review
title_full Pediatric infections in the first year of life following maternal biologic exposure for autoimmune disorder treatment: A systematic review
title_fullStr Pediatric infections in the first year of life following maternal biologic exposure for autoimmune disorder treatment: A systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Pediatric infections in the first year of life following maternal biologic exposure for autoimmune disorder treatment: A systematic review
title_short Pediatric infections in the first year of life following maternal biologic exposure for autoimmune disorder treatment: A systematic review
title_sort pediatric infections in the first year of life following maternal biologic exposure for autoimmune disorder treatment a systematic review
topic Pregnancy
Autoimmune disorders
Biologics
Pediatric infection
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661825002178
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