Organic manure and fertilizer N management strategies improve soil health at different growth stages of pearl millet under pearl millet-wheat sequence
Abstract Background Incorporating organic manure improves soil properties and crop productivity. A long-term study started in October 1967 examined the effects of farmyard manure and nitrogen fertilization on the soil at key growth stages of pearl millet in a pearl millet-wheat cropping system over...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06128-2 |
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| author | Sunita Sheoran Dhram Prakash Dev Raj Parmod Kumar Yadav Rameshwar Singh Rajeev Kumar Gupta Saud Alamri Manzer H. Siddiqui Shahbaz Khan |
| author_facet | Sunita Sheoran Dhram Prakash Dev Raj Parmod Kumar Yadav Rameshwar Singh Rajeev Kumar Gupta Saud Alamri Manzer H. Siddiqui Shahbaz Khan |
| author_sort | Sunita Sheoran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Incorporating organic manure improves soil properties and crop productivity. A long-term study started in October 1967 examined the effects of farmyard manure and nitrogen fertilization on the soil at key growth stages of pearl millet in a pearl millet-wheat cropping system over its 51st cycle. Results Applying 15 Mg of farmyard manure (FYM) per hectare in both growing seasons significantly boosted soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and key nutrients compared to one-season application. SOC levels reached 9.1–11.0% with FYM15, outperforming FYM10 and FYM5. The effectiveness order was FYM15 > FYM10 > FYM5 > FYM0. Chemical nitrogen fertilization also enhanced soil properties, with FYM15 improving DOC, available nitrogen, and enzyme activities during various growth stages. Conclusions Principal component analysis (PCA) effectively distinguished soil variables and treatments, with β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase activity (ARA) showing the highest loading (0.294) in the first principal component (PC1), followed by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at 0.292 and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) at 0.291. A strong polynomial relationship was noted between soil organic carbon (SOC) and various soil properties, with R² values between 0.93 and 0.99. The FYM15 x N120 treatment improved soil health in North-West India’s sandy loam soils during both seasons. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0c92ea1ce38c4233abd60f0059093bd5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-0c92ea1ce38c4233abd60f0059093bd52025-02-02T12:15:32ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-01-0125111610.1186/s12870-025-06128-2Organic manure and fertilizer N management strategies improve soil health at different growth stages of pearl millet under pearl millet-wheat sequenceSunita Sheoran0Dhram Prakash1Dev Raj2Parmod Kumar Yadav3Rameshwar Singh4Rajeev Kumar Gupta5Saud Alamri6Manzer H. Siddiqui7Shahbaz Khan8Department of Soil Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Soil Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Soil Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Soil Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Soil Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional UniversityDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityColorado Water Center, Colorado State UniversityAbstract Background Incorporating organic manure improves soil properties and crop productivity. A long-term study started in October 1967 examined the effects of farmyard manure and nitrogen fertilization on the soil at key growth stages of pearl millet in a pearl millet-wheat cropping system over its 51st cycle. Results Applying 15 Mg of farmyard manure (FYM) per hectare in both growing seasons significantly boosted soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and key nutrients compared to one-season application. SOC levels reached 9.1–11.0% with FYM15, outperforming FYM10 and FYM5. The effectiveness order was FYM15 > FYM10 > FYM5 > FYM0. Chemical nitrogen fertilization also enhanced soil properties, with FYM15 improving DOC, available nitrogen, and enzyme activities during various growth stages. Conclusions Principal component analysis (PCA) effectively distinguished soil variables and treatments, with β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase activity (ARA) showing the highest loading (0.294) in the first principal component (PC1), followed by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at 0.292 and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) at 0.291. A strong polynomial relationship was noted between soil organic carbon (SOC) and various soil properties, with R² values between 0.93 and 0.99. The FYM15 x N120 treatment improved soil health in North-West India’s sandy loam soils during both seasons.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06128-2Long-termManureGrowth stagesSoil fertilityEnzymes |
| spellingShingle | Sunita Sheoran Dhram Prakash Dev Raj Parmod Kumar Yadav Rameshwar Singh Rajeev Kumar Gupta Saud Alamri Manzer H. Siddiqui Shahbaz Khan Organic manure and fertilizer N management strategies improve soil health at different growth stages of pearl millet under pearl millet-wheat sequence BMC Plant Biology Long-term Manure Growth stages Soil fertility Enzymes |
| title | Organic manure and fertilizer N management strategies improve soil health at different growth stages of pearl millet under pearl millet-wheat sequence |
| title_full | Organic manure and fertilizer N management strategies improve soil health at different growth stages of pearl millet under pearl millet-wheat sequence |
| title_fullStr | Organic manure and fertilizer N management strategies improve soil health at different growth stages of pearl millet under pearl millet-wheat sequence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Organic manure and fertilizer N management strategies improve soil health at different growth stages of pearl millet under pearl millet-wheat sequence |
| title_short | Organic manure and fertilizer N management strategies improve soil health at different growth stages of pearl millet under pearl millet-wheat sequence |
| title_sort | organic manure and fertilizer n management strategies improve soil health at different growth stages of pearl millet under pearl millet wheat sequence |
| topic | Long-term Manure Growth stages Soil fertility Enzymes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06128-2 |
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