Revisiting the anatomy of inferior extensor retinaculum of foot and ankle, a study based on fifty embalmed adult cadaveric lower extremities
Background: The facial condensation of deep fascia form retinacula, Superior and Inferior, with a primary function to hold the extensor tendons of the foot in position. The morphology of inferior extensor retinaculum (IER) is clinically important in the tendon rupture repair and foot drop surgeries....
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Translational Research in Anatomy |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X2400092X |
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| author | M. Praveen Shenoy Mangala M. Pai B.V. Murlimanju Rajanigandha Vadgaonkar Latha V. Prabhu M.D. Prameela |
| author_facet | M. Praveen Shenoy Mangala M. Pai B.V. Murlimanju Rajanigandha Vadgaonkar Latha V. Prabhu M.D. Prameela |
| author_sort | M. Praveen Shenoy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The facial condensation of deep fascia form retinacula, Superior and Inferior, with a primary function to hold the extensor tendons of the foot in position. The morphology of inferior extensor retinaculum (IER) is clinically important in the tendon rupture repair and foot drop surgeries. The anatomy of ankle and foot IER is not much investigated and this prompted us to conceptualize this study to investigate the morphology and morphological variants of IER. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional institutional based study included 50 dorsa of feet from the 25 embalmed adult cadavers. Results: The present study observed that, the anatomy of IER is complex wherein multiple septa of varied thickness arise from its undersurface from both the stem and limbs, defining its compartments. Five well defined compartments existed, which lodged the extensor tendons. The third compartment was deep and overlapped by the extensor digitorum longus tendons. Fourth compartment was well defined and lodged the extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius tendons, separated by an ill-defined septum. However, in 6 specimens (12 %), the peroneus tertius traversed the fifth compartment, which otherwise did not have any contents. Some morphological variants of the tendons were also noted as they passed beneath the IER. Conclusion: Our study is novel in determining the compartment format, deeper connections of IER, and relations with deeper structures along with the anatomical variations, which are clinically important in ankle arthroscopy, tendinoscopy, tendon repairs and foot drop stabilization surgeries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0c52cb58cca14a5891de8664c58a886c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2214-854X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Translational Research in Anatomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-0c52cb58cca14a5891de8664c58a886c2025-01-24T04:45:13ZengElsevierTranslational Research in Anatomy2214-854X2025-03-0138100368Revisiting the anatomy of inferior extensor retinaculum of foot and ankle, a study based on fifty embalmed adult cadaveric lower extremitiesM. Praveen Shenoy0Mangala M. Pai1B.V. Murlimanju2Rajanigandha Vadgaonkar3Latha V. Prabhu4M.D. Prameela5Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, 576104, IndiaCorresponding author. Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, 575004, India.; Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, 576104, IndiaDepartment of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, 576104, IndiaDepartment of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, 576104, IndiaDepartment of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, 576104, IndiaDepartment of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, 576104, IndiaBackground: The facial condensation of deep fascia form retinacula, Superior and Inferior, with a primary function to hold the extensor tendons of the foot in position. The morphology of inferior extensor retinaculum (IER) is clinically important in the tendon rupture repair and foot drop surgeries. The anatomy of ankle and foot IER is not much investigated and this prompted us to conceptualize this study to investigate the morphology and morphological variants of IER. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional institutional based study included 50 dorsa of feet from the 25 embalmed adult cadavers. Results: The present study observed that, the anatomy of IER is complex wherein multiple septa of varied thickness arise from its undersurface from both the stem and limbs, defining its compartments. Five well defined compartments existed, which lodged the extensor tendons. The third compartment was deep and overlapped by the extensor digitorum longus tendons. Fourth compartment was well defined and lodged the extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius tendons, separated by an ill-defined septum. However, in 6 specimens (12 %), the peroneus tertius traversed the fifth compartment, which otherwise did not have any contents. Some morphological variants of the tendons were also noted as they passed beneath the IER. Conclusion: Our study is novel in determining the compartment format, deeper connections of IER, and relations with deeper structures along with the anatomical variations, which are clinically important in ankle arthroscopy, tendinoscopy, tendon repairs and foot drop stabilization surgeries.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X2400092XAnkle and footExtensor tendonsInferior extensor retinaculumTendinoscopyAnkle arthroscopyFoot drop surgery |
| spellingShingle | M. Praveen Shenoy Mangala M. Pai B.V. Murlimanju Rajanigandha Vadgaonkar Latha V. Prabhu M.D. Prameela Revisiting the anatomy of inferior extensor retinaculum of foot and ankle, a study based on fifty embalmed adult cadaveric lower extremities Translational Research in Anatomy Ankle and foot Extensor tendons Inferior extensor retinaculum Tendinoscopy Ankle arthroscopy Foot drop surgery |
| title | Revisiting the anatomy of inferior extensor retinaculum of foot and ankle, a study based on fifty embalmed adult cadaveric lower extremities |
| title_full | Revisiting the anatomy of inferior extensor retinaculum of foot and ankle, a study based on fifty embalmed adult cadaveric lower extremities |
| title_fullStr | Revisiting the anatomy of inferior extensor retinaculum of foot and ankle, a study based on fifty embalmed adult cadaveric lower extremities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revisiting the anatomy of inferior extensor retinaculum of foot and ankle, a study based on fifty embalmed adult cadaveric lower extremities |
| title_short | Revisiting the anatomy of inferior extensor retinaculum of foot and ankle, a study based on fifty embalmed adult cadaveric lower extremities |
| title_sort | revisiting the anatomy of inferior extensor retinaculum of foot and ankle a study based on fifty embalmed adult cadaveric lower extremities |
| topic | Ankle and foot Extensor tendons Inferior extensor retinaculum Tendinoscopy Ankle arthroscopy Foot drop surgery |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X2400092X |
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