Advancements in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy: A comprehensive tool for pharmaceutical research
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has long been established across various scientific disciplines for characterizing organic radicals, organometallic complexes, protein structures and dynamics, polymerization processes, and radical degradation phenomena. Despite its extensive utilit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Sciendo
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Acta Pharmaceutica |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2024-0037 |
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| author | Bešić Erim Rajić Zrinka Šakić Davor |
| author_facet | Bešić Erim Rajić Zrinka Šakić Davor |
| author_sort | Bešić Erim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has long been established across various scientific disciplines for characterizing organic radicals, organometallic complexes, protein structures and dynamics, polymerization processes, and radical degradation phenomena. Despite its extensive utility in these areas, EPR spectroscopy’s application within pharmaceutical science has historically been constrained, primarily due to factors such as high equipment costs, a steep learning curve, complex spectral deconvolution and analysis, and a traditional lack of emphasis on single-electron chemistry in pharmaceutical research. This review aims to provide a thorough examination of EPR spectroscopy’s applications in analyzing a wide array of para-magnetic species relevant to pharmaceutical research. We detail how EPR spectroscopy can be employed to assess free radical scavenging properties in pharmaceutical compounds, elucidate drug mechanisms of action, and explore pharmacokinetics. Additionally, we investigate the role of free radicals in drug-induced toxicity and drug-membrane interactions, while also covering the application of EPR spectroscopy in drug delivery research, advanced studies of metallodrugs, and monitoring of oxygen levels in biological systems through EPR oximetry. The recent advancements in the miniaturization of EPR spectro meters have paved the way for their application in on-site and in-line mo nitoring during the manufacturing process and quality control of pharmaceutical substances and final drug formulations due to being the only direct and non-invasive detection technique for radical detection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0c0661dab12a432da754686486017b09 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1846-9558 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Sciendo |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Pharmaceutica |
| spelling | doaj-art-0c0661dab12a432da754686486017b092025-02-02T15:47:25ZengSciendoActa Pharmaceutica1846-95582024-12-0174455159410.2478/acph-2024-0037Advancements in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy: A comprehensive tool for pharmaceutical researchBešić Erim0Rajić Zrinka1Šakić Davor2University of ZagrebFaculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry10000Zagreb, CroatiaUniversity of ZagrebFaculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry10000Zagreb, CroatiaUniversity of ZagrebFaculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry10000Zagreb, CroatiaElectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has long been established across various scientific disciplines for characterizing organic radicals, organometallic complexes, protein structures and dynamics, polymerization processes, and radical degradation phenomena. Despite its extensive utility in these areas, EPR spectroscopy’s application within pharmaceutical science has historically been constrained, primarily due to factors such as high equipment costs, a steep learning curve, complex spectral deconvolution and analysis, and a traditional lack of emphasis on single-electron chemistry in pharmaceutical research. This review aims to provide a thorough examination of EPR spectroscopy’s applications in analyzing a wide array of para-magnetic species relevant to pharmaceutical research. We detail how EPR spectroscopy can be employed to assess free radical scavenging properties in pharmaceutical compounds, elucidate drug mechanisms of action, and explore pharmacokinetics. Additionally, we investigate the role of free radicals in drug-induced toxicity and drug-membrane interactions, while also covering the application of EPR spectroscopy in drug delivery research, advanced studies of metallodrugs, and monitoring of oxygen levels in biological systems through EPR oximetry. The recent advancements in the miniaturization of EPR spectro meters have paved the way for their application in on-site and in-line mo nitoring during the manufacturing process and quality control of pharmaceutical substances and final drug formulations due to being the only direct and non-invasive detection technique for radical detection.https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2024-0037epr spectroscopyantioxidant activitydpph scavengingdrug activitydrug-induced toxicitydrug-membranes interactiondrug deliverymetallodrugsepr oximetry |
| spellingShingle | Bešić Erim Rajić Zrinka Šakić Davor Advancements in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy: A comprehensive tool for pharmaceutical research Acta Pharmaceutica epr spectroscopy antioxidant activity dpph scavenging drug activity drug-induced toxicity drug-membranes interaction drug delivery metallodrugs epr oximetry |
| title | Advancements in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy: A comprehensive tool for pharmaceutical research |
| title_full | Advancements in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy: A comprehensive tool for pharmaceutical research |
| title_fullStr | Advancements in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy: A comprehensive tool for pharmaceutical research |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advancements in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy: A comprehensive tool for pharmaceutical research |
| title_short | Advancements in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy: A comprehensive tool for pharmaceutical research |
| title_sort | advancements in electron paramagnetic resonance epr spectroscopy a comprehensive tool for pharmaceutical research |
| topic | epr spectroscopy antioxidant activity dpph scavenging drug activity drug-induced toxicity drug-membranes interaction drug delivery metallodrugs epr oximetry |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2024-0037 |
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