Machine learning combining external validation to explore the immunopathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcer and predict therapeutic drugs.
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a severe complication of diabetes, often leading to amputation due to poor wound healing and infection. The immune-related pathogenesis of DFU remains unclear, and therapeutic drugs are limited. This study aimed to explore the immune mechanisms of DFU and identify potent...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2025-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328906 |
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| author | Zhongwen Lu Na An Shouwei Sheng Mao Hong Pin Deng Junde Wu Shengji Zhang Zhaojun Chen |
| author_facet | Zhongwen Lu Na An Shouwei Sheng Mao Hong Pin Deng Junde Wu Shengji Zhang Zhaojun Chen |
| author_sort | Zhongwen Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a severe complication of diabetes, often leading to amputation due to poor wound healing and infection. The immune-related pathogenesis of DFU remains unclear, and therapeutic drugs are limited. This study aimed to explore the immune mechanisms of DFU and identify potential therapeutic drugs using machine learning and single-cell approaches. Through differential expression analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, we identified 287 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were significantly enriched in IL-17 signaling and neutrophil chemotaxis pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) further pinpointed disease-associated modules containing 1,693 regulatory genes. Machine learning algorithms prioritized seven core genes-CCL20, CXCL13, FGFR2, FGFR3, PI3, PLA2G2A, and S100A8-with validation in an external dataset GSE147890 and single-cell sequencing revealing their predominant expression in neutrophils and keratinocytes. Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated significant dysregulation in DFU patients, characterized by elevated proportions of memory B cells, M0 macrophages, activated mast cells, and neutrophils. Potential therapeutic compounds were identified using the Connectivity Map database and tested through molecular docking and dynamics simulations. The study pinpointed selegiline, L-BSO, flunisolide, PP-30, and fluocinolone as promising therapeutic agents, offering new insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and potential therapeutic strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0bca0947166b47a9acf2bc4e4161fa32 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-0bca0947166b47a9acf2bc4e4161fa322025-08-20T03:44:25ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01208e032890610.1371/journal.pone.0328906Machine learning combining external validation to explore the immunopathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcer and predict therapeutic drugs.Zhongwen LuNa AnShouwei ShengMao HongPin DengJunde WuShengji ZhangZhaojun ChenDiabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a severe complication of diabetes, often leading to amputation due to poor wound healing and infection. The immune-related pathogenesis of DFU remains unclear, and therapeutic drugs are limited. This study aimed to explore the immune mechanisms of DFU and identify potential therapeutic drugs using machine learning and single-cell approaches. Through differential expression analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, we identified 287 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were significantly enriched in IL-17 signaling and neutrophil chemotaxis pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) further pinpointed disease-associated modules containing 1,693 regulatory genes. Machine learning algorithms prioritized seven core genes-CCL20, CXCL13, FGFR2, FGFR3, PI3, PLA2G2A, and S100A8-with validation in an external dataset GSE147890 and single-cell sequencing revealing their predominant expression in neutrophils and keratinocytes. Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated significant dysregulation in DFU patients, characterized by elevated proportions of memory B cells, M0 macrophages, activated mast cells, and neutrophils. Potential therapeutic compounds were identified using the Connectivity Map database and tested through molecular docking and dynamics simulations. The study pinpointed selegiline, L-BSO, flunisolide, PP-30, and fluocinolone as promising therapeutic agents, offering new insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and potential therapeutic strategies.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328906 |
| spellingShingle | Zhongwen Lu Na An Shouwei Sheng Mao Hong Pin Deng Junde Wu Shengji Zhang Zhaojun Chen Machine learning combining external validation to explore the immunopathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcer and predict therapeutic drugs. PLoS ONE |
| title | Machine learning combining external validation to explore the immunopathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcer and predict therapeutic drugs. |
| title_full | Machine learning combining external validation to explore the immunopathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcer and predict therapeutic drugs. |
| title_fullStr | Machine learning combining external validation to explore the immunopathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcer and predict therapeutic drugs. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Machine learning combining external validation to explore the immunopathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcer and predict therapeutic drugs. |
| title_short | Machine learning combining external validation to explore the immunopathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcer and predict therapeutic drugs. |
| title_sort | machine learning combining external validation to explore the immunopathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcer and predict therapeutic drugs |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328906 |
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