Regulatory roles of eugenol in paraquat-altered SNCA/LZTS3/MAPT in the cerebellum of Wistar rats
Abstract Background The Microtubules-associated protein tau (MAPT), alpha-synuclein (SNCA), and leucine zipper tumor suppressor 3 (LZTS3) genes are implicated in neurodegeneration and tumor suppression, respectively. This study investigated the regulatory roles of eugenol on paraquat-altered genes....
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Laboratory Animal Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-025-00236-8 |
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| author | Obinna Onwe Uchewa Augustine Oseloka Ibegbu Samuel Okoronkwo Okafor Joseph Alo Nwafor Ogugua Augustine Egwu |
| author_facet | Obinna Onwe Uchewa Augustine Oseloka Ibegbu Samuel Okoronkwo Okafor Joseph Alo Nwafor Ogugua Augustine Egwu |
| author_sort | Obinna Onwe Uchewa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The Microtubules-associated protein tau (MAPT), alpha-synuclein (SNCA), and leucine zipper tumor suppressor 3 (LZTS3) genes are implicated in neurodegeneration and tumor suppression, respectively. This study investigated the regulatory roles of eugenol on paraquat-altered genes. Results Forty male Wistar rats divided into five groups of eight rats were used. The control group received normal saline; the Paraquat (PQ)-untreated group received only Paraquat. The low dose of eugenol was 200 mg/kg, the medium dose of eugenol was 400 mg/kg, and the high dose of eugenol was 600 mg/kg. All groups except the control group received 10 mg/kg of PQ orally for 14 days at one-day intervals, allowing PQ in the rats for 28 days. Eugenol treatment started on the 29th and lasted 14 days. Motor impairments were determined using wire string and beam-walk; biomarkers were estimated using cerebellar homogenates, while frozen cerebellum was used to study LZTS3, MAPT, and SNCA gene expression. LZTS3 was significantly suppressed in the PQ-untreated group and highly expressed in the eugenol-treated group. The MAPT and SNCA genes were overexpressed in the PQ-untreated group compared to the control group. Eugenol significantly decreased the expression of these genes compared to that in the PQ-untreated group. Antioxidants were reduced considerably, and oxidative stress markers were increased significantly, which could have caused increased protein fibrillation and reduced limb functionality. Histology revealed that eugenol mitigated the alterations caused by Paraquat. Conclusions PQ can enhance tumor expression in addition to causing neurotoxicity, which decreases limb functionality, while eugenol, an antioxidant, can mitigate the effects of PQ. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0b57ddd0848d4d2b983790a44db93645 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2233-7660 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Laboratory Animal Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-0b57ddd0848d4d2b983790a44db936452025-01-19T12:08:07ZengBMCLaboratory Animal Research2233-76602025-01-0141111410.1186/s42826-025-00236-8Regulatory roles of eugenol in paraquat-altered SNCA/LZTS3/MAPT in the cerebellum of Wistar ratsObinna Onwe Uchewa0Augustine Oseloka Ibegbu1Samuel Okoronkwo Okafor2Joseph Alo Nwafor3Ogugua Augustine Egwu4Anatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme, Federal UniversityAnatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme, Federal UniversityAnatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, David Umahi Federal University of Health SciencesAnatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme, Federal UniversityAnatomy Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme, Federal UniversityAbstract Background The Microtubules-associated protein tau (MAPT), alpha-synuclein (SNCA), and leucine zipper tumor suppressor 3 (LZTS3) genes are implicated in neurodegeneration and tumor suppression, respectively. This study investigated the regulatory roles of eugenol on paraquat-altered genes. Results Forty male Wistar rats divided into five groups of eight rats were used. The control group received normal saline; the Paraquat (PQ)-untreated group received only Paraquat. The low dose of eugenol was 200 mg/kg, the medium dose of eugenol was 400 mg/kg, and the high dose of eugenol was 600 mg/kg. All groups except the control group received 10 mg/kg of PQ orally for 14 days at one-day intervals, allowing PQ in the rats for 28 days. Eugenol treatment started on the 29th and lasted 14 days. Motor impairments were determined using wire string and beam-walk; biomarkers were estimated using cerebellar homogenates, while frozen cerebellum was used to study LZTS3, MAPT, and SNCA gene expression. LZTS3 was significantly suppressed in the PQ-untreated group and highly expressed in the eugenol-treated group. The MAPT and SNCA genes were overexpressed in the PQ-untreated group compared to the control group. Eugenol significantly decreased the expression of these genes compared to that in the PQ-untreated group. Antioxidants were reduced considerably, and oxidative stress markers were increased significantly, which could have caused increased protein fibrillation and reduced limb functionality. Histology revealed that eugenol mitigated the alterations caused by Paraquat. Conclusions PQ can enhance tumor expression in addition to causing neurotoxicity, which decreases limb functionality, while eugenol, an antioxidant, can mitigate the effects of PQ.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-025-00236-8CerebellumEugenolLimb functionalitiesLZTS3MAPTParaquat |
| spellingShingle | Obinna Onwe Uchewa Augustine Oseloka Ibegbu Samuel Okoronkwo Okafor Joseph Alo Nwafor Ogugua Augustine Egwu Regulatory roles of eugenol in paraquat-altered SNCA/LZTS3/MAPT in the cerebellum of Wistar rats Laboratory Animal Research Cerebellum Eugenol Limb functionalities LZTS3 MAPT Paraquat |
| title | Regulatory roles of eugenol in paraquat-altered SNCA/LZTS3/MAPT in the cerebellum of Wistar rats |
| title_full | Regulatory roles of eugenol in paraquat-altered SNCA/LZTS3/MAPT in the cerebellum of Wistar rats |
| title_fullStr | Regulatory roles of eugenol in paraquat-altered SNCA/LZTS3/MAPT in the cerebellum of Wistar rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulatory roles of eugenol in paraquat-altered SNCA/LZTS3/MAPT in the cerebellum of Wistar rats |
| title_short | Regulatory roles of eugenol in paraquat-altered SNCA/LZTS3/MAPT in the cerebellum of Wistar rats |
| title_sort | regulatory roles of eugenol in paraquat altered snca lzts3 mapt in the cerebellum of wistar rats |
| topic | Cerebellum Eugenol Limb functionalities LZTS3 MAPT Paraquat |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-025-00236-8 |
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