Impact of Ag Coating Thickness on the Electrochemical Behavior of Super Duplex Stainless Steel SAF2507 for Enhanced Li-Ion Battery Cases
Li-ion batteries are at risk of explosions caused by fires, primarily because of the high energy density of Li ions, which raises the temperature. Battery cases are typically made of plastic, aluminum, or SAF30400. Although plastic and aluminum aid weight reduction, their strength and melting points...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Crystals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/1/62 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832588744636497920 |
|---|---|
| author | Hyeongho Jo Jung-Woo Ok Yoon-Seok Lee Sanghun Lee Yonghun Je Shinho Kim Seongjun Kim Jinyong Park Jonggi Hong Taekyu Lee Byung-Hyun Shin Jang-Hee Yoon Yangdo Kim |
| author_facet | Hyeongho Jo Jung-Woo Ok Yoon-Seok Lee Sanghun Lee Yonghun Je Shinho Kim Seongjun Kim Jinyong Park Jonggi Hong Taekyu Lee Byung-Hyun Shin Jang-Hee Yoon Yangdo Kim |
| author_sort | Hyeongho Jo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Li-ion batteries are at risk of explosions caused by fires, primarily because of the high energy density of Li ions, which raises the temperature. Battery cases are typically made of plastic, aluminum, or SAF30400. Although plastic and aluminum aid weight reduction, their strength and melting points are low. SAF30400 offers excellent strength and corrosion resistance but suffers from work hardening and low high-temperature strength at 700 °C. Additionally, Ni used for plating has a low current density of 25% international copper alloy standard (ICAS). SAF2507 is suitable for use as a Li-ion battery case material because of its excellent strength and corrosion resistance. However, the heterogeneous microstructure of SAF2507 after casting and processing decreases the corrosion resistance, so it requires solution heat treatment. To address these issues, in this study, SAF2507 (780 MPa, 30%) is solution heat-treated at 1100 °C after casting and coated with Ag (ICAS 108.4%) using physical vapor deposition (PVD). Ag is applied at five different thicknesses: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 μm. The surface conditions and electrochemical properties are then examined for each coating thickness. The results indicate that the PVD-coated surface forms a uniform Ag layer, with electrical conductivity increasing from 1.9% ICAS to 72.3% ICAS depending on the Ag coating thickness. This enhancement in conductivity can improve Li-ion battery safety on charge and use. This result is expected to aid the development of advanced Li-ion battery systems in the future. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0b54fc6a64ef4504b31dba69244117ac |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj-art-0b54fc6a64ef4504b31dba69244117ac2025-01-24T13:28:10ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522025-01-011516210.3390/cryst15010062Impact of Ag Coating Thickness on the Electrochemical Behavior of Super Duplex Stainless Steel SAF2507 for Enhanced Li-Ion Battery CasesHyeongho Jo0Jung-Woo Ok1Yoon-Seok Lee2Sanghun Lee3Yonghun Je4Shinho Kim5Seongjun Kim6Jinyong Park7Jonggi Hong8Taekyu Lee9Byung-Hyun Shin10Jang-Hee Yoon11Yangdo Kim12School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaBusan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46742, Republic of KoreaAI-Realistic Media Research Department, Guri Electronic and Information Technology Research Institute, Gumi-si 39253, Republic of KoreaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaBusan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46742, Republic of KoreaBusan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46742, Republic of KoreaBusan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46742, Republic of KoreaBusan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46742, Republic of KoreaBusan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46742, Republic of KoreaBusan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46742, Republic of KoreaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaLi-ion batteries are at risk of explosions caused by fires, primarily because of the high energy density of Li ions, which raises the temperature. Battery cases are typically made of plastic, aluminum, or SAF30400. Although plastic and aluminum aid weight reduction, their strength and melting points are low. SAF30400 offers excellent strength and corrosion resistance but suffers from work hardening and low high-temperature strength at 700 °C. Additionally, Ni used for plating has a low current density of 25% international copper alloy standard (ICAS). SAF2507 is suitable for use as a Li-ion battery case material because of its excellent strength and corrosion resistance. However, the heterogeneous microstructure of SAF2507 after casting and processing decreases the corrosion resistance, so it requires solution heat treatment. To address these issues, in this study, SAF2507 (780 MPa, 30%) is solution heat-treated at 1100 °C after casting and coated with Ag (ICAS 108.4%) using physical vapor deposition (PVD). Ag is applied at five different thicknesses: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 μm. The surface conditions and electrochemical properties are then examined for each coating thickness. The results indicate that the PVD-coated surface forms a uniform Ag layer, with electrical conductivity increasing from 1.9% ICAS to 72.3% ICAS depending on the Ag coating thickness. This enhancement in conductivity can improve Li-ion battery safety on charge and use. This result is expected to aid the development of advanced Li-ion battery systems in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/1/62Ag coatingsuper duplex stainless steelLi-ion battery casephysical vapor depositionelectrochemical behavior |
| spellingShingle | Hyeongho Jo Jung-Woo Ok Yoon-Seok Lee Sanghun Lee Yonghun Je Shinho Kim Seongjun Kim Jinyong Park Jonggi Hong Taekyu Lee Byung-Hyun Shin Jang-Hee Yoon Yangdo Kim Impact of Ag Coating Thickness on the Electrochemical Behavior of Super Duplex Stainless Steel SAF2507 for Enhanced Li-Ion Battery Cases Crystals Ag coating super duplex stainless steel Li-ion battery case physical vapor deposition electrochemical behavior |
| title | Impact of Ag Coating Thickness on the Electrochemical Behavior of Super Duplex Stainless Steel SAF2507 for Enhanced Li-Ion Battery Cases |
| title_full | Impact of Ag Coating Thickness on the Electrochemical Behavior of Super Duplex Stainless Steel SAF2507 for Enhanced Li-Ion Battery Cases |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Ag Coating Thickness on the Electrochemical Behavior of Super Duplex Stainless Steel SAF2507 for Enhanced Li-Ion Battery Cases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Ag Coating Thickness on the Electrochemical Behavior of Super Duplex Stainless Steel SAF2507 for Enhanced Li-Ion Battery Cases |
| title_short | Impact of Ag Coating Thickness on the Electrochemical Behavior of Super Duplex Stainless Steel SAF2507 for Enhanced Li-Ion Battery Cases |
| title_sort | impact of ag coating thickness on the electrochemical behavior of super duplex stainless steel saf2507 for enhanced li ion battery cases |
| topic | Ag coating super duplex stainless steel Li-ion battery case physical vapor deposition electrochemical behavior |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/1/62 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hyeonghojo impactofagcoatingthicknessontheelectrochemicalbehaviorofsuperduplexstainlesssteelsaf2507forenhancedliionbatterycases AT jungwoook impactofagcoatingthicknessontheelectrochemicalbehaviorofsuperduplexstainlesssteelsaf2507forenhancedliionbatterycases AT yoonseoklee impactofagcoatingthicknessontheelectrochemicalbehaviorofsuperduplexstainlesssteelsaf2507forenhancedliionbatterycases AT sanghunlee impactofagcoatingthicknessontheelectrochemicalbehaviorofsuperduplexstainlesssteelsaf2507forenhancedliionbatterycases AT yonghunje impactofagcoatingthicknessontheelectrochemicalbehaviorofsuperduplexstainlesssteelsaf2507forenhancedliionbatterycases AT shinhokim impactofagcoatingthicknessontheelectrochemicalbehaviorofsuperduplexstainlesssteelsaf2507forenhancedliionbatterycases AT seongjunkim impactofagcoatingthicknessontheelectrochemicalbehaviorofsuperduplexstainlesssteelsaf2507forenhancedliionbatterycases AT jinyongpark impactofagcoatingthicknessontheelectrochemicalbehaviorofsuperduplexstainlesssteelsaf2507forenhancedliionbatterycases AT jonggihong impactofagcoatingthicknessontheelectrochemicalbehaviorofsuperduplexstainlesssteelsaf2507forenhancedliionbatterycases AT taekyulee impactofagcoatingthicknessontheelectrochemicalbehaviorofsuperduplexstainlesssteelsaf2507forenhancedliionbatterycases AT byunghyunshin impactofagcoatingthicknessontheelectrochemicalbehaviorofsuperduplexstainlesssteelsaf2507forenhancedliionbatterycases AT jangheeyoon impactofagcoatingthicknessontheelectrochemicalbehaviorofsuperduplexstainlesssteelsaf2507forenhancedliionbatterycases AT yangdokim impactofagcoatingthicknessontheelectrochemicalbehaviorofsuperduplexstainlesssteelsaf2507forenhancedliionbatterycases |