Changes in Vitamin D Status in Overweight Middle-Aged Adults with or without Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Two Consecutive Nordic Summers
Background. Sun exposure is the main driver of vitamin D synthesis. High latitude, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are all risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. However, the seasonal variation in vitamin D concentrations (25[OH]D) in such populations before and after sun exposure durin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1840374 |
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| author | Petra Lundström Kenneth Caidahl Maria J. Eriksson Tomas Fritz Anna Krook Juleen R. Zierath Anette Rickenlund |
| author_facet | Petra Lundström Kenneth Caidahl Maria J. Eriksson Tomas Fritz Anna Krook Juleen R. Zierath Anette Rickenlund |
| author_sort | Petra Lundström |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Sun exposure is the main driver of vitamin D synthesis. High latitude, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are all risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. However, the seasonal variation in vitamin D concentrations (25[OH]D) in such populations before and after sun exposure during the summer is unknown. Therefore, we investigated 25[OH]D status before and after two consecutive summers in high latitude and its associations with body fat, sex, and glucose metabolism. Methods. 158 participants from Sweden (87 women, 71 men; mean age, 60 ± 5 y; body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) and 25[OH]D were measured and evaluated in relation to normal or impaired glucose tolerance, body composition, and dietary habits during summer season. Results. Eighty-four percent of the participants were categorized with low to deficient 25[OH]D values before summer (55.1 ± 21.7 nmol·L−1), with a significant increase after the summer season (66.3 ± 21.0 nmol·L−1; P<0.001). However, the values remained below the recommended range (76–250 nmol·L−1) in 66% of the participants. These findings were verified in a subgroup of the study population during the subsequent summer. Participants who reported use of vitamin D supplements had higher initial concentrations (64.2 ± 20.1 nmol·L−1) compared to nonusers (53.7 ± 21.7 nmol·L−1; P=0.04). Further, 25[OH]D values correlated negatively with fat mass (kg) prior to summer only in the female population (r=−0.29, P=0.008). Conclusions. In the present study, sun exposure had a beneficial but insufficient effect on 25[OH]D levels, and the same levels were documented in two consecutive summer seasons, confirming that vitamin D supplementation in both summer and winter should be considered in this population. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0b337499dd4b4537996b6e3878311b4b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-0724 2090-0732 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj-art-0b337499dd4b4537996b6e3878311b4b2025-02-03T01:28:46ZengWileyJournal of Nutrition and Metabolism2090-07242090-07322019-01-01201910.1155/2019/18403741840374Changes in Vitamin D Status in Overweight Middle-Aged Adults with or without Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Two Consecutive Nordic SummersPetra Lundström0Kenneth Caidahl1Maria J. Eriksson2Tomas Fritz3Anna Krook4Juleen R. Zierath5Anette Rickenlund6Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenBackground. Sun exposure is the main driver of vitamin D synthesis. High latitude, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are all risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. However, the seasonal variation in vitamin D concentrations (25[OH]D) in such populations before and after sun exposure during the summer is unknown. Therefore, we investigated 25[OH]D status before and after two consecutive summers in high latitude and its associations with body fat, sex, and glucose metabolism. Methods. 158 participants from Sweden (87 women, 71 men; mean age, 60 ± 5 y; body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) and 25[OH]D were measured and evaluated in relation to normal or impaired glucose tolerance, body composition, and dietary habits during summer season. Results. Eighty-four percent of the participants were categorized with low to deficient 25[OH]D values before summer (55.1 ± 21.7 nmol·L−1), with a significant increase after the summer season (66.3 ± 21.0 nmol·L−1; P<0.001). However, the values remained below the recommended range (76–250 nmol·L−1) in 66% of the participants. These findings were verified in a subgroup of the study population during the subsequent summer. Participants who reported use of vitamin D supplements had higher initial concentrations (64.2 ± 20.1 nmol·L−1) compared to nonusers (53.7 ± 21.7 nmol·L−1; P=0.04). Further, 25[OH]D values correlated negatively with fat mass (kg) prior to summer only in the female population (r=−0.29, P=0.008). Conclusions. In the present study, sun exposure had a beneficial but insufficient effect on 25[OH]D levels, and the same levels were documented in two consecutive summer seasons, confirming that vitamin D supplementation in both summer and winter should be considered in this population.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1840374 |
| spellingShingle | Petra Lundström Kenneth Caidahl Maria J. Eriksson Tomas Fritz Anna Krook Juleen R. Zierath Anette Rickenlund Changes in Vitamin D Status in Overweight Middle-Aged Adults with or without Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Two Consecutive Nordic Summers Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism |
| title | Changes in Vitamin D Status in Overweight Middle-Aged Adults with or without Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Two Consecutive Nordic Summers |
| title_full | Changes in Vitamin D Status in Overweight Middle-Aged Adults with or without Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Two Consecutive Nordic Summers |
| title_fullStr | Changes in Vitamin D Status in Overweight Middle-Aged Adults with or without Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Two Consecutive Nordic Summers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in Vitamin D Status in Overweight Middle-Aged Adults with or without Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Two Consecutive Nordic Summers |
| title_short | Changes in Vitamin D Status in Overweight Middle-Aged Adults with or without Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Two Consecutive Nordic Summers |
| title_sort | changes in vitamin d status in overweight middle aged adults with or without impaired glucose metabolism in two consecutive nordic summers |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1840374 |
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