White Mold: A Global Threat to Crops and Key Strategies for Its Sustainable Management
White mold, caused by the fungal pathogen <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> (Lib.) de Bary, is a significant biotic stress impacting horticultural and field crops worldwide. This disease causes plants to wilt and ultimately die, resulting in considerable yield losses. This monocyclic disea...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Md. Motaher Hossain Farjana Sultana Md. Tanbir Rubayet Sabia Khan Mahabuba Mostafa Nusrat Jahan Mishu Md. Abdullah Al Sabbir Nabela Akter Ahmad Kabir Mohammad Golam Mostofa |
| author_facet | Md. Motaher Hossain Farjana Sultana Md. Tanbir Rubayet Sabia Khan Mahabuba Mostafa Nusrat Jahan Mishu Md. Abdullah Al Sabbir Nabela Akter Ahmad Kabir Mohammad Golam Mostofa |
| author_sort | Md. Motaher Hossain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | White mold, caused by the fungal pathogen <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> (Lib.) de Bary, is a significant biotic stress impacting horticultural and field crops worldwide. This disease causes plants to wilt and ultimately die, resulting in considerable yield losses. This monocyclic disease progresses through a single infection cycle involving basal infections from myceliogenically germinated sclerotia or aerial infections initiated by ascospores from carpogenically germinated sclerotia. The pathogen has a homothallic mating system with a weak population structure. Relatively cool temperatures and extended wetness are typical conditions for spreading the disease. Each stage of infection triggers a cascade of molecular and physiological events that underpin defense responses against <i>S. sclerotiorum</i>. Molecular markers can help rapid diagnosis of this disease in plants. Effective management strategies encompass altering the crop microclimate, applying fungicides, reducing inoculum sources, and developing resistant plant varieties. Integrated approaches combining those strategies often yield the best results. This review discusses the latest insights into the biology, epidemiology, infection mechanisms, and early detection of white mold. This review also aims to provide comprehensive guidelines for sustainable management of this destructive disease while reducing the use of excessive pesticides in crop fields. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0a8edb57e1b5461b96787290d2516791 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-0a8edb57e1b5461b96787290d25167912025-01-24T13:42:15ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-12-01131410.3390/microorganisms13010004White Mold: A Global Threat to Crops and Key Strategies for Its Sustainable ManagementMd. Motaher Hossain0Farjana Sultana1Md. Tanbir Rubayet2Sabia Khan3Mahabuba Mostafa4Nusrat Jahan Mishu5Md. Abdullah Al Sabbir6Nabela Akter7Ahmad Kabir8Mohammad Golam Mostofa9Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, BangladeshCollege of Agricultural Sciences, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka 1230, BangladeshDepartment of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, BangladeshDepartment of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, BangladeshDepartment of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, BangladeshDepartment of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, BangladeshDepartment of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, BangladeshDepartment of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, BangladeshDepartment of Biology, College of Arts, Education & Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USADepartment of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USAWhite mold, caused by the fungal pathogen <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> (Lib.) de Bary, is a significant biotic stress impacting horticultural and field crops worldwide. This disease causes plants to wilt and ultimately die, resulting in considerable yield losses. This monocyclic disease progresses through a single infection cycle involving basal infections from myceliogenically germinated sclerotia or aerial infections initiated by ascospores from carpogenically germinated sclerotia. The pathogen has a homothallic mating system with a weak population structure. Relatively cool temperatures and extended wetness are typical conditions for spreading the disease. Each stage of infection triggers a cascade of molecular and physiological events that underpin defense responses against <i>S. sclerotiorum</i>. Molecular markers can help rapid diagnosis of this disease in plants. Effective management strategies encompass altering the crop microclimate, applying fungicides, reducing inoculum sources, and developing resistant plant varieties. Integrated approaches combining those strategies often yield the best results. This review discusses the latest insights into the biology, epidemiology, infection mechanisms, and early detection of white mold. This review also aims to provide comprehensive guidelines for sustainable management of this destructive disease while reducing the use of excessive pesticides in crop fields.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/4<i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>biological controldisease cycleepidemiologyfungicideshost resistance |
| spellingShingle | Md. Motaher Hossain Farjana Sultana Md. Tanbir Rubayet Sabia Khan Mahabuba Mostafa Nusrat Jahan Mishu Md. Abdullah Al Sabbir Nabela Akter Ahmad Kabir Mohammad Golam Mostofa White Mold: A Global Threat to Crops and Key Strategies for Its Sustainable Management Microorganisms <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> biological control disease cycle epidemiology fungicides host resistance |
| title | White Mold: A Global Threat to Crops and Key Strategies for Its Sustainable Management |
| title_full | White Mold: A Global Threat to Crops and Key Strategies for Its Sustainable Management |
| title_fullStr | White Mold: A Global Threat to Crops and Key Strategies for Its Sustainable Management |
| title_full_unstemmed | White Mold: A Global Threat to Crops and Key Strategies for Its Sustainable Management |
| title_short | White Mold: A Global Threat to Crops and Key Strategies for Its Sustainable Management |
| title_sort | white mold a global threat to crops and key strategies for its sustainable management |
| topic | <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> biological control disease cycle epidemiology fungicides host resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/4 |
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