Integrating anaerobic digestate effluent into microalgal systems for renewable biomass and wastewater treatment: Effects of dilution, C/N ratio, and growth modelling
This study investigated the potential of anaerobic digestate effluent (ADE) as a nutrient source for cultivating Euglena sp. and Chlorella sp. ADE was applied at varying dilution levels to create distinct carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios and assess their effects on microalgal growth and nutrient remo...
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025021164 |
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| author | Dhomas Indiwara Prana Jhouhanggir Ambar Pertiwiningrum Nanung Agus Fitriyanto Eko Agus Suyono |
| author_facet | Dhomas Indiwara Prana Jhouhanggir Ambar Pertiwiningrum Nanung Agus Fitriyanto Eko Agus Suyono |
| author_sort | Dhomas Indiwara Prana Jhouhanggir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated the potential of anaerobic digestate effluent (ADE) as a nutrient source for cultivating Euglena sp. and Chlorella sp. ADE was applied at varying dilution levels to create distinct carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios and assess their effects on microalgal growth and nutrient removal. The research included an acclimatisation phase using a mixture of 75% Walne medium and 25% ADE to facilitate adaptation, followed by cultivation with ADE dilutions without added nutrients. This mixture supported optimal initial growth, indicating ADE’s viability as a nutrient source. Post-acclimatisation, three ADE dilution treatments established distinct C/N ratios: P1 (8.24 ± 1.32), P2 (6.47 ± 1.15), and P3 (4.39 ± 0.41), with P0 (Walne medium) as control. One-way ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) revealed significant differences among treatments. Both species adapted to ADE, showing optimal growth at a C/N ratio of 6.47 ± 1.15 (P2). Under controlled conditions (28 ± 1 °C, pH 7.5 ± 0.2, 20 days cultivation), P2 achieved the highest cell density and pollutant removal. Euglena sp. removed 81.44 ± 1.40% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 84.25 ± 0.79% Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD₅), 61.16 ± 2.60% Total Suspended Solid (TSS), and 88.86 ± 2.25% Ammonium (NH₄⁺-N), while Chlorella sp. achieved 89.02 ± 0.84% COD, 87.33 ± 1.34% BOD₅, 64.73 ± 3.33% TSS, and 89.45 ± 1.29% NH4⁺-N. P2’s superior performance was attributed to its balanced nutrient profile and reduced inhibitory effects associated with higher organic and ammonium levels in less-diluted ADE. These findings support ADE as a sustainable medium for microalgal cultivation, enabling biomass production and effective wastewater treatment. Optimising dilution enhances growth and environmental outcomes, underlining microalgae’s role in the circular bioeconomy and sustainable agriculture. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0a61d07651e84553a29329dc6e236424 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-0a61d07651e84553a29329dc6e2364242025-08-20T03:17:27ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710604410.1016/j.rineng.2025.106044Integrating anaerobic digestate effluent into microalgal systems for renewable biomass and wastewater treatment: Effects of dilution, C/N ratio, and growth modellingDhomas Indiwara Prana Jhouhanggir0Ambar Pertiwiningrum1Nanung Agus Fitriyanto2Eko Agus Suyono3Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, IndonesiaDepartment of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia; Corresponding author.Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University, IndonesiaBiotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, IndonesiaThis study investigated the potential of anaerobic digestate effluent (ADE) as a nutrient source for cultivating Euglena sp. and Chlorella sp. ADE was applied at varying dilution levels to create distinct carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios and assess their effects on microalgal growth and nutrient removal. The research included an acclimatisation phase using a mixture of 75% Walne medium and 25% ADE to facilitate adaptation, followed by cultivation with ADE dilutions without added nutrients. This mixture supported optimal initial growth, indicating ADE’s viability as a nutrient source. Post-acclimatisation, three ADE dilution treatments established distinct C/N ratios: P1 (8.24 ± 1.32), P2 (6.47 ± 1.15), and P3 (4.39 ± 0.41), with P0 (Walne medium) as control. One-way ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) revealed significant differences among treatments. Both species adapted to ADE, showing optimal growth at a C/N ratio of 6.47 ± 1.15 (P2). Under controlled conditions (28 ± 1 °C, pH 7.5 ± 0.2, 20 days cultivation), P2 achieved the highest cell density and pollutant removal. Euglena sp. removed 81.44 ± 1.40% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 84.25 ± 0.79% Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD₅), 61.16 ± 2.60% Total Suspended Solid (TSS), and 88.86 ± 2.25% Ammonium (NH₄⁺-N), while Chlorella sp. achieved 89.02 ± 0.84% COD, 87.33 ± 1.34% BOD₅, 64.73 ± 3.33% TSS, and 89.45 ± 1.29% NH4⁺-N. P2’s superior performance was attributed to its balanced nutrient profile and reduced inhibitory effects associated with higher organic and ammonium levels in less-diluted ADE. These findings support ADE as a sustainable medium for microalgal cultivation, enabling biomass production and effective wastewater treatment. Optimising dilution enhances growth and environmental outcomes, underlining microalgae’s role in the circular bioeconomy and sustainable agriculture.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025021164ADEMicroalgae cultivationGrowth rateEuglena sp.Chlorella sp. |
| spellingShingle | Dhomas Indiwara Prana Jhouhanggir Ambar Pertiwiningrum Nanung Agus Fitriyanto Eko Agus Suyono Integrating anaerobic digestate effluent into microalgal systems for renewable biomass and wastewater treatment: Effects of dilution, C/N ratio, and growth modelling Results in Engineering ADE Microalgae cultivation Growth rate Euglena sp. Chlorella sp. |
| title | Integrating anaerobic digestate effluent into microalgal systems for renewable biomass and wastewater treatment: Effects of dilution, C/N ratio, and growth modelling |
| title_full | Integrating anaerobic digestate effluent into microalgal systems for renewable biomass and wastewater treatment: Effects of dilution, C/N ratio, and growth modelling |
| title_fullStr | Integrating anaerobic digestate effluent into microalgal systems for renewable biomass and wastewater treatment: Effects of dilution, C/N ratio, and growth modelling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrating anaerobic digestate effluent into microalgal systems for renewable biomass and wastewater treatment: Effects of dilution, C/N ratio, and growth modelling |
| title_short | Integrating anaerobic digestate effluent into microalgal systems for renewable biomass and wastewater treatment: Effects of dilution, C/N ratio, and growth modelling |
| title_sort | integrating anaerobic digestate effluent into microalgal systems for renewable biomass and wastewater treatment effects of dilution c n ratio and growth modelling |
| topic | ADE Microalgae cultivation Growth rate Euglena sp. Chlorella sp. |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025021164 |
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