Prospects for the Detection of High-redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Era of EP and SVOM

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are a promising probe of the high-redshift Universe, but their detection remains observationally challenging. In this work, we explore the detectability of high- z GRBs by the Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) on board the Einstein Probe (EP) and the coded-mask gamma-ray image...

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Main Authors: Jun-Jie Wei, Xue-Feng Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adf112
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author Jun-Jie Wei
Xue-Feng Wu
author_facet Jun-Jie Wei
Xue-Feng Wu
author_sort Jun-Jie Wei
collection DOAJ
description Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are a promising probe of the high-redshift Universe, but their detection remains observationally challenging. In this work, we explore the detectability of high- z GRBs by the Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) on board the Einstein Probe (EP) and the coded-mask gamma-ray imager (ECLAIRs) on board the Space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM). Using a population synthesis model calibrated to Swift GRB observations, we develop a tool to estimate high- z GRB detection rates for instruments with specific energy bands and sensitivities. Our results indicate that EP/WXT could detect $\sim 5.{1}_{-2.4}^{+3.4}$ (with 68% confidence level) GRBs annually at z  > 6, compared to $\sim 0.{7}_{-0.4}^{+1.0}$ events per year at z  > 6 for SVOM/ECLAIRs. While EP cannot independently determine redshifts (requiring optical/near-infrared, NIR, follow-up), its assumed ∼30% follow-up efficiency yields $\sim 1.{5}_{-0.7}^{+1.0}$ confirmed z  > 6 GRBs annually. SVOM, equipped with dedicated follow-up telescopes, will promptly identify high- z candidates deserving deep NIR spectroscopy to ensure robust confirmation of high- z GRBs. We anticipate that EP and SVOM will open new avenues for utilizing enlarged samples of high- z GRBs to explore the early Universe. Moreover, EP will assemble a substantial sample of soft, low-luminosity GRBs at low-to-intermediate redshifts, providing critical insights into the structure of GRB jets.
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spelling doaj-art-098e50d893bc4f51af4c89832e71556d2025-08-20T03:16:14ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052025-01-019882L7110.3847/2041-8213/adf112Prospects for the Detection of High-redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Era of EP and SVOMJun-Jie Wei0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0162-2488Xue-Feng Wu1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6299-1263Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; jjwei@pmo.ac.cn, xfwu@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; jjwei@pmo.ac.cn, xfwu@pmo.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of ChinaGamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are a promising probe of the high-redshift Universe, but their detection remains observationally challenging. In this work, we explore the detectability of high- z GRBs by the Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) on board the Einstein Probe (EP) and the coded-mask gamma-ray imager (ECLAIRs) on board the Space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM). Using a population synthesis model calibrated to Swift GRB observations, we develop a tool to estimate high- z GRB detection rates for instruments with specific energy bands and sensitivities. Our results indicate that EP/WXT could detect $\sim 5.{1}_{-2.4}^{+3.4}$ (with 68% confidence level) GRBs annually at z  > 6, compared to $\sim 0.{7}_{-0.4}^{+1.0}$ events per year at z  > 6 for SVOM/ECLAIRs. While EP cannot independently determine redshifts (requiring optical/near-infrared, NIR, follow-up), its assumed ∼30% follow-up efficiency yields $\sim 1.{5}_{-0.7}^{+1.0}$ confirmed z  > 6 GRBs annually. SVOM, equipped with dedicated follow-up telescopes, will promptly identify high- z candidates deserving deep NIR spectroscopy to ensure robust confirmation of high- z GRBs. We anticipate that EP and SVOM will open new avenues for utilizing enlarged samples of high- z GRBs to explore the early Universe. Moreover, EP will assemble a substantial sample of soft, low-luminosity GRBs at low-to-intermediate redshifts, providing critical insights into the structure of GRB jets.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adf112Gamma-ray burstsStar formationObservational cosmology
spellingShingle Jun-Jie Wei
Xue-Feng Wu
Prospects for the Detection of High-redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Era of EP and SVOM
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Gamma-ray bursts
Star formation
Observational cosmology
title Prospects for the Detection of High-redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Era of EP and SVOM
title_full Prospects for the Detection of High-redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Era of EP and SVOM
title_fullStr Prospects for the Detection of High-redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Era of EP and SVOM
title_full_unstemmed Prospects for the Detection of High-redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Era of EP and SVOM
title_short Prospects for the Detection of High-redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Era of EP and SVOM
title_sort prospects for the detection of high redshift gamma ray bursts in the era of ep and svom
topic Gamma-ray bursts
Star formation
Observational cosmology
url https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adf112
work_keys_str_mv AT junjiewei prospectsforthedetectionofhighredshiftgammarayburstsintheeraofepandsvom
AT xuefengwu prospectsforthedetectionofhighredshiftgammarayburstsintheeraofepandsvom