Population Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin in <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> Based on a Nonlinear Mixed Effect Model After Intravenous and Oral Administration

This study aimed to investigate the PPK of EF in largemouth bass after oral and intravenous administration based on a nonlinear mixed effect model. Samples were collected using the sparse sampling method at pre-designed time points determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluoresc...

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Main Authors: Ning Xu, Shun Zhou, Jing Dong, Jiangtao Li, Yongzhen Ding, Xiaohui Ai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/10/1362
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author Ning Xu
Shun Zhou
Jing Dong
Jiangtao Li
Yongzhen Ding
Xiaohui Ai
author_facet Ning Xu
Shun Zhou
Jing Dong
Jiangtao Li
Yongzhen Ding
Xiaohui Ai
author_sort Ning Xu
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to investigate the PPK of EF in largemouth bass after oral and intravenous administration based on a nonlinear mixed effect model. Samples were collected using the sparse sampling method at pre-designed time points determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescent detector. The initial PK parameters were estimated by reference search and the calculation of a naïve pooled approach. The covariate model included a variation in body weight. The oral dose data were best fitted by a one-compartment model. The injection dose data were best fitted by a two-compartment model. The results demonstrated that body weight had no marked effect on the parameters of PPK. Finally, the bioavailability was calculated to be 12.24%. The area under the concentration–time curve/minimum inhibitory concentration was estimated to be ≥408.16, indicating that EF at 20 mg/kg has high effectiveness for aquatic pathogens.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2076-2615
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Animals
spelling doaj-art-0949b59e101c4f4e9490b05ab6638ced2025-08-20T03:47:48ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-05-011510136210.3390/ani15101362Population Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin in <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> Based on a Nonlinear Mixed Effect Model After Intravenous and Oral AdministrationNing Xu0Shun Zhou1Jing Dong2Jiangtao Li3Yongzhen Ding4Xiaohui Ai5Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, ChinaAgro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, ChinaYangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, ChinaThis study aimed to investigate the PPK of EF in largemouth bass after oral and intravenous administration based on a nonlinear mixed effect model. Samples were collected using the sparse sampling method at pre-designed time points determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescent detector. The initial PK parameters were estimated by reference search and the calculation of a naïve pooled approach. The covariate model included a variation in body weight. The oral dose data were best fitted by a one-compartment model. The injection dose data were best fitted by a two-compartment model. The results demonstrated that body weight had no marked effect on the parameters of PPK. Finally, the bioavailability was calculated to be 12.24%. The area under the concentration–time curve/minimum inhibitory concentration was estimated to be ≥408.16, indicating that EF at 20 mg/kg has high effectiveness for aquatic pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/10/1362enrofloxacinpopulation pharmacokineticsstatistical approacheslargemouth bassbody weight
spellingShingle Ning Xu
Shun Zhou
Jing Dong
Jiangtao Li
Yongzhen Ding
Xiaohui Ai
Population Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin in <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> Based on a Nonlinear Mixed Effect Model After Intravenous and Oral Administration
Animals
enrofloxacin
population pharmacokinetics
statistical approaches
largemouth bass
body weight
title Population Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin in <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> Based on a Nonlinear Mixed Effect Model After Intravenous and Oral Administration
title_full Population Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin in <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> Based on a Nonlinear Mixed Effect Model After Intravenous and Oral Administration
title_fullStr Population Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin in <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> Based on a Nonlinear Mixed Effect Model After Intravenous and Oral Administration
title_full_unstemmed Population Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin in <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> Based on a Nonlinear Mixed Effect Model After Intravenous and Oral Administration
title_short Population Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin in <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> Based on a Nonlinear Mixed Effect Model After Intravenous and Oral Administration
title_sort population pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in i micropterus salmoides i based on a nonlinear mixed effect model after intravenous and oral administration
topic enrofloxacin
population pharmacokinetics
statistical approaches
largemouth bass
body weight
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/10/1362
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