Bioactive Sesquiterpenoids from <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> L. Flowers: Chemical Profiling and Antifungal Activity Against <i>Neocosmospora</i> Species
<i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> L. (cotton-lavender) is receiving increasing attention due to its potential for modern medicine and is considered both a functional food and nutraceutical. In this work, the phytochemical profile of its flower hydromethanolic extract was investigated by...
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| author | Eva Sánchez-Hernández Jesús Martín-Gil Vicente González-García José Casanova-Gascón Pablo Martín-Ramos |
| author_facet | Eva Sánchez-Hernández Jesús Martín-Gil Vicente González-García José Casanova-Gascón Pablo Martín-Ramos |
| author_sort | Eva Sánchez-Hernández |
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| description | <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> L. (cotton-lavender) is receiving increasing attention due to its potential for modern medicine and is considered both a functional food and nutraceutical. In this work, the phytochemical profile of its flower hydromethanolic extract was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and its applications as a biorational for crop protection were explored against <i>Neocosmospora</i> spp., both in vitro and in planta. The phytochemical profiling analysis identified several terpene groups. Among sesquiterpenoids, which constituted the major fraction (50.4%), compounds featuring cedrane skeleton (8-cedren-13-ol), aromadendrene skeleton (such as (−)-spathulenol, ledol, alloaromadendrene oxide, epiglobulol, and alloaromadendrene), hydroazulene skeleton (ledene oxide, isoledene, and 1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-2,2,8-trimethyl-,(3a<i>α</i>,8<i>β</i>,8a<i>α</i>)-5,6-azulenedimethanol), or copaane skeleton (<i>cis</i>-α-copaene-8-ol) were predominant. Additional sesquiterpenoids included longiborneol and longifolene. The monoterpenoid fraction (1.51%) was represented by eucalyptol, (+)-4-carene, endoborneol, and 7-norbornenol. In vitro tests against <i>N. falciformis</i> and <i>N. keratoplastica</i>, two emerging soil phytopathogens, resulted in effective concentration EC<sub>90</sub> values of 984.4 and 728.6 μg·mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. A higher dose (3000 μg·mL<sup>−1</sup>) was nonetheless required to achieve full protection in the in planta tests conducted on zucchini (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L.) cv. ‘Diamant F1’ and tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) cv. ‘Optima F1’ plants inoculated with <i>N. falciformis</i> by root dipping. The reported data indicate an antimicrobial activity comparable to that of fosetyl-Al and higher than that of azoxystrobin conventional fungicides, thus making the flower extract a promising bioactive product for organic farming and expanding <i>S. chamaecyparissus</i> potential applications. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-091e9b722b2c4f689626bf28b75fe3222025-01-24T13:46:52ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-01-0114223510.3390/plants14020235Bioactive Sesquiterpenoids from <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> L. Flowers: Chemical Profiling and Antifungal Activity Against <i>Neocosmospora</i> SpeciesEva Sánchez-Hernández0Jesús Martín-Gil1Vicente González-García2José Casanova-Gascón3Pablo Martín-Ramos4Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, SpainDepartment of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, SpainDepartamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, SpainInstituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), EPS, University of Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, SpainDepartment of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain<i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> L. (cotton-lavender) is receiving increasing attention due to its potential for modern medicine and is considered both a functional food and nutraceutical. In this work, the phytochemical profile of its flower hydromethanolic extract was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and its applications as a biorational for crop protection were explored against <i>Neocosmospora</i> spp., both in vitro and in planta. The phytochemical profiling analysis identified several terpene groups. Among sesquiterpenoids, which constituted the major fraction (50.4%), compounds featuring cedrane skeleton (8-cedren-13-ol), aromadendrene skeleton (such as (−)-spathulenol, ledol, alloaromadendrene oxide, epiglobulol, and alloaromadendrene), hydroazulene skeleton (ledene oxide, isoledene, and 1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-2,2,8-trimethyl-,(3a<i>α</i>,8<i>β</i>,8a<i>α</i>)-5,6-azulenedimethanol), or copaane skeleton (<i>cis</i>-α-copaene-8-ol) were predominant. Additional sesquiterpenoids included longiborneol and longifolene. The monoterpenoid fraction (1.51%) was represented by eucalyptol, (+)-4-carene, endoborneol, and 7-norbornenol. In vitro tests against <i>N. falciformis</i> and <i>N. keratoplastica</i>, two emerging soil phytopathogens, resulted in effective concentration EC<sub>90</sub> values of 984.4 and 728.6 μg·mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. A higher dose (3000 μg·mL<sup>−1</sup>) was nonetheless required to achieve full protection in the in planta tests conducted on zucchini (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L.) cv. ‘Diamant F1’ and tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) cv. ‘Optima F1’ plants inoculated with <i>N. falciformis</i> by root dipping. The reported data indicate an antimicrobial activity comparable to that of fosetyl-Al and higher than that of azoxystrobin conventional fungicides, thus making the flower extract a promising bioactive product for organic farming and expanding <i>S. chamaecyparissus</i> potential applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/235aromadendrane skeletonbiorational pesticidescotton-lavenderhydroazulene frameworktomatozucchini |
| spellingShingle | Eva Sánchez-Hernández Jesús Martín-Gil Vicente González-García José Casanova-Gascón Pablo Martín-Ramos Bioactive Sesquiterpenoids from <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> L. Flowers: Chemical Profiling and Antifungal Activity Against <i>Neocosmospora</i> Species Plants aromadendrane skeleton biorational pesticides cotton-lavender hydroazulene framework tomato zucchini |
| title | Bioactive Sesquiterpenoids from <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> L. Flowers: Chemical Profiling and Antifungal Activity Against <i>Neocosmospora</i> Species |
| title_full | Bioactive Sesquiterpenoids from <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> L. Flowers: Chemical Profiling and Antifungal Activity Against <i>Neocosmospora</i> Species |
| title_fullStr | Bioactive Sesquiterpenoids from <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> L. Flowers: Chemical Profiling and Antifungal Activity Against <i>Neocosmospora</i> Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioactive Sesquiterpenoids from <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> L. Flowers: Chemical Profiling and Antifungal Activity Against <i>Neocosmospora</i> Species |
| title_short | Bioactive Sesquiterpenoids from <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> L. Flowers: Chemical Profiling and Antifungal Activity Against <i>Neocosmospora</i> Species |
| title_sort | bioactive sesquiterpenoids from i santolina chamaecyparissus i l flowers chemical profiling and antifungal activity against i neocosmospora i species |
| topic | aromadendrane skeleton biorational pesticides cotton-lavender hydroazulene framework tomato zucchini |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/235 |
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