Innovative immunotherapies and emerging treatments in type 1 diabetes management
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells, primarily mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This review comprehensively examines the latest advances in immunotherapeutic approaches to T1D, categori...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Diabetes Epidemiology and Management |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666970624000519 |
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| author | Malek Zarei Mohammad Abbas Sheikholeslami Masoud Mozaffari Yassar Mortada |
| author_facet | Malek Zarei Mohammad Abbas Sheikholeslami Masoud Mozaffari Yassar Mortada |
| author_sort | Malek Zarei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells, primarily mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This review comprehensively examines the latest advances in immunotherapeutic approaches to T1D, categorizing current strategies into four main groups: antigen-independent therapies, antigen-dependent therapies, beta cell therapies, and stem cell therapies. Antigen-independent strategies, such as antibody-based therapies (e.g., Abatacept and Teplizumab) and cytokine inhibitors (e.g., Anakinra and Etanercept), have shown potential in preserving beta cell function by modulating immune responses. Antigen-dependent strategies focus on inducing immune tolerance to specific beta cell antigens, with mixed results from clinical trials involving autoantigen vaccines like GAD65. Beta cell therapies, including islet transplantation, offer promising outcomes but face challenges related to immunosuppression and donor availability. Stem cell therapies, particularly using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), demonstrate potential in immune modulation and beta cell regeneration. Novel approaches, such as Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)–Tregs therapy and JAK-STAT pathway inhibition, represent exciting areas of ongoing research. This comprehensive overview underscores the necessity of personalized therapeutic approaches and continued research to optimize existing therapies and explore new targets, ultimately aiming to improve outcomes and achieve a potential cure for T1D. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-088a8330076145008199e17361204d3b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-9706 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diabetes Epidemiology and Management |
| spelling | doaj-art-088a8330076145008199e17361204d3b2025-01-26T05:05:12ZengElsevierDiabetes Epidemiology and Management2666-97062025-01-0117100247Innovative immunotherapies and emerging treatments in type 1 diabetes managementMalek Zarei0Mohammad Abbas Sheikholeslami1Masoud Mozaffari2Yassar Mortada3Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Daneshjou Blvd, Koudakyar Ave, Tehran, Iran.Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Pharmacology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells, primarily mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This review comprehensively examines the latest advances in immunotherapeutic approaches to T1D, categorizing current strategies into four main groups: antigen-independent therapies, antigen-dependent therapies, beta cell therapies, and stem cell therapies. Antigen-independent strategies, such as antibody-based therapies (e.g., Abatacept and Teplizumab) and cytokine inhibitors (e.g., Anakinra and Etanercept), have shown potential in preserving beta cell function by modulating immune responses. Antigen-dependent strategies focus on inducing immune tolerance to specific beta cell antigens, with mixed results from clinical trials involving autoantigen vaccines like GAD65. Beta cell therapies, including islet transplantation, offer promising outcomes but face challenges related to immunosuppression and donor availability. Stem cell therapies, particularly using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), demonstrate potential in immune modulation and beta cell regeneration. Novel approaches, such as Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)–Tregs therapy and JAK-STAT pathway inhibition, represent exciting areas of ongoing research. This comprehensive overview underscores the necessity of personalized therapeutic approaches and continued research to optimize existing therapies and explore new targets, ultimately aiming to improve outcomes and achieve a potential cure for T1D.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666970624000519Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D)ImmunotherapyBeta cell preservationStem cell therapyAutoimmune response |
| spellingShingle | Malek Zarei Mohammad Abbas Sheikholeslami Masoud Mozaffari Yassar Mortada Innovative immunotherapies and emerging treatments in type 1 diabetes management Diabetes Epidemiology and Management Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) Immunotherapy Beta cell preservation Stem cell therapy Autoimmune response |
| title | Innovative immunotherapies and emerging treatments in type 1 diabetes management |
| title_full | Innovative immunotherapies and emerging treatments in type 1 diabetes management |
| title_fullStr | Innovative immunotherapies and emerging treatments in type 1 diabetes management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Innovative immunotherapies and emerging treatments in type 1 diabetes management |
| title_short | Innovative immunotherapies and emerging treatments in type 1 diabetes management |
| title_sort | innovative immunotherapies and emerging treatments in type 1 diabetes management |
| topic | Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) Immunotherapy Beta cell preservation Stem cell therapy Autoimmune response |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666970624000519 |
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