The thermal structure of small and shallow Arctic Fennoscandian lakes
A continuous three-year field study, focusing on the thermal regime and the heat budget of twelve shallow Arctic lakes in northwest Finland, was conducted between 2019 and 2022. The results reveal diverse thermal regimes among these lakes, ranging from cold monomictic to discontinuous cold polymicti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15230430.2024.2433829 |
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| _version_ | 1832542802326585344 |
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| author | Mingzhen Zhang Matti Leppäranta Maija Heikkilä Kaarina Weckström Atte Korhola Nina Kirchner Annika Granebeck Frederik Schenk Jan Weckström |
| author_facet | Mingzhen Zhang Matti Leppäranta Maija Heikkilä Kaarina Weckström Atte Korhola Nina Kirchner Annika Granebeck Frederik Schenk Jan Weckström |
| author_sort | Mingzhen Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A continuous three-year field study, focusing on the thermal regime and the heat budget of twelve shallow Arctic lakes in northwest Finland, was conducted between 2019 and 2022. The results reveal diverse thermal regimes among these lakes, ranging from cold monomictic to discontinuous cold polymictic and dimictic patterns, reflecting the unique lake responses to their environmental settings. The heat budget of these lakes was predominantly influenced by the strong seasonality of the radiation balance, with latent and sensible heat fluxes consistently exhibiting negative values during the ice-free period, peaking in the summer or late fall. Air temperature and solar radiation were the primary drivers affecting lake thermal structures, at both local and regional scales. The influence of wind speed and cloudiness was more significant for lakes in the treeless tundra, but their regional impact remains relatively weak, along with the impact of precipitation. Additionally, we emphasize the critical role of lake location, geography, and morphology, and particularly altitude, lake size, and water column transparency, in determining changes in stratification and mixing dynamics, overshadowing the influence of lake depth. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the evolving thermal dynamics of lakes in the European Arctic. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-07f12e72015840a7b410f89bedfd9d42 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1523-0430 1938-4246 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-07f12e72015840a7b410f89bedfd9d422025-02-03T15:55:24ZengTaylor & Francis GroupArctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research1523-04301938-42462025-12-0157110.1080/15230430.2024.2433829The thermal structure of small and shallow Arctic Fennoscandian lakesMingzhen Zhang0Matti Leppäranta1Maija Heikkilä2Kaarina Weckström3Atte Korhola4Nina Kirchner5Annika Granebeck6Frederik Schenk7Jan Weckström8Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFaculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFaculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFaculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandBolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenBolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenBolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenFaculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandA continuous three-year field study, focusing on the thermal regime and the heat budget of twelve shallow Arctic lakes in northwest Finland, was conducted between 2019 and 2022. The results reveal diverse thermal regimes among these lakes, ranging from cold monomictic to discontinuous cold polymictic and dimictic patterns, reflecting the unique lake responses to their environmental settings. The heat budget of these lakes was predominantly influenced by the strong seasonality of the radiation balance, with latent and sensible heat fluxes consistently exhibiting negative values during the ice-free period, peaking in the summer or late fall. Air temperature and solar radiation were the primary drivers affecting lake thermal structures, at both local and regional scales. The influence of wind speed and cloudiness was more significant for lakes in the treeless tundra, but their regional impact remains relatively weak, along with the impact of precipitation. Additionally, we emphasize the critical role of lake location, geography, and morphology, and particularly altitude, lake size, and water column transparency, in determining changes in stratification and mixing dynamics, overshadowing the influence of lake depth. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the evolving thermal dynamics of lakes in the European Arctic.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15230430.2024.2433829Arctic lakeswater temperaturemixingstratificationheat budget |
| spellingShingle | Mingzhen Zhang Matti Leppäranta Maija Heikkilä Kaarina Weckström Atte Korhola Nina Kirchner Annika Granebeck Frederik Schenk Jan Weckström The thermal structure of small and shallow Arctic Fennoscandian lakes Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research Arctic lakes water temperature mixing stratification heat budget |
| title | The thermal structure of small and shallow Arctic Fennoscandian lakes |
| title_full | The thermal structure of small and shallow Arctic Fennoscandian lakes |
| title_fullStr | The thermal structure of small and shallow Arctic Fennoscandian lakes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The thermal structure of small and shallow Arctic Fennoscandian lakes |
| title_short | The thermal structure of small and shallow Arctic Fennoscandian lakes |
| title_sort | thermal structure of small and shallow arctic fennoscandian lakes |
| topic | Arctic lakes water temperature mixing stratification heat budget |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15230430.2024.2433829 |
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