Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Leaves of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ Provides Insight into Its Continuous-Flowering Trait
Longan (<i>Dimocarpus longan</i> Lour.) is an important tropical and subtropical fruit, and most of its cultivars bloom once a year (once-flowering, OF). <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ (SJ) is a tropical ecotype variety that blooms several times a year (continuous-flow...
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2024-09-01
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| author | Shilian Huang Xinmin Lv Junbin Wei Dongmei Han Jianguang Li Dongliang Guo |
| author_facet | Shilian Huang Xinmin Lv Junbin Wei Dongmei Han Jianguang Li Dongliang Guo |
| author_sort | Shilian Huang |
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| description | Longan (<i>Dimocarpus longan</i> Lour.) is an important tropical and subtropical fruit, and most of its cultivars bloom once a year (once-flowering, OF). <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ (SJ) is a tropical ecotype variety that blooms several times a year (continuous-flowering, CF) without the need for low-temperature induction. Several studies have focused on the mechanism of continuous flowering in SJ longan; however, none used leaves as research material. As leaves are a key organ in sensing floral-induction signals, we compared gene-expression differences between mature leaves of CF (SJ) and OF (<i>D. longan</i> cv. ‘Shixia’ (SX) and <i>D. longan</i> cv. ‘Chuliang’ (CL)) longan by transcriptome sequencing. An average of 47,982,637, 43,833,340 and 54,441,291 clean reads were obtained for SJ, SX and CL respectively, and a total of 6745 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. Following Metabolic pathways, Plant-pathogen interaction and Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, most of the other genes were assigned to the KEGG classifications of MAPK signaling pathway- plant, Plant hormone signal transduction, Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and Starch and sucrose metabolism. WGCNA analysis clustered genes into 27 modules, among which bisque4 and darkorange2 module genes specifically were expressed at low and high levels in SJ, respectively. Different gene-expression patterns were detected between CF and OF longan in bisque4 and darkorange2 modules, especially the high levels of transcription factor (TF) expression and the large number of gibberellic acid (GA)-signaling-pathway-specific genes expressed at high levels in CF longan (SJ). Floral-induction-gene expression levels in CF longan, such as levels of GA-signaling-related and <i>FT</i> genes, were always high. In CF longan, after vegetative-growth accumulation, flowers could be directly induced, thereby eliminating the need for low-temperature induction. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-07e105be282d4e1eba6266ab2ea2aa3d2025-08-20T01:55:32ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-09-0110997410.3390/horticulturae10090974Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Leaves of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ Provides Insight into Its Continuous-Flowering TraitShilian Huang0Xinmin Lv1Junbin Wei2Dongmei Han3Jianguang Li4Dongliang Guo5Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaInstitute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaInstitute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaInstitute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaInstitute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaInstitute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaLongan (<i>Dimocarpus longan</i> Lour.) is an important tropical and subtropical fruit, and most of its cultivars bloom once a year (once-flowering, OF). <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ (SJ) is a tropical ecotype variety that blooms several times a year (continuous-flowering, CF) without the need for low-temperature induction. Several studies have focused on the mechanism of continuous flowering in SJ longan; however, none used leaves as research material. As leaves are a key organ in sensing floral-induction signals, we compared gene-expression differences between mature leaves of CF (SJ) and OF (<i>D. longan</i> cv. ‘Shixia’ (SX) and <i>D. longan</i> cv. ‘Chuliang’ (CL)) longan by transcriptome sequencing. An average of 47,982,637, 43,833,340 and 54,441,291 clean reads were obtained for SJ, SX and CL respectively, and a total of 6745 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. Following Metabolic pathways, Plant-pathogen interaction and Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, most of the other genes were assigned to the KEGG classifications of MAPK signaling pathway- plant, Plant hormone signal transduction, Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and Starch and sucrose metabolism. WGCNA analysis clustered genes into 27 modules, among which bisque4 and darkorange2 module genes specifically were expressed at low and high levels in SJ, respectively. Different gene-expression patterns were detected between CF and OF longan in bisque4 and darkorange2 modules, especially the high levels of transcription factor (TF) expression and the large number of gibberellic acid (GA)-signaling-pathway-specific genes expressed at high levels in CF longan (SJ). Floral-induction-gene expression levels in CF longan, such as levels of GA-signaling-related and <i>FT</i> genes, were always high. In CF longan, after vegetative-growth accumulation, flowers could be directly induced, thereby eliminating the need for low-temperature induction.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/9/974continuous flowering<i>Dimocarpus longan</i><i>FT</i>MAPKplant hormone signal transductionsugar metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Shilian Huang Xinmin Lv Junbin Wei Dongmei Han Jianguang Li Dongliang Guo Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Leaves of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ Provides Insight into Its Continuous-Flowering Trait Horticulturae continuous flowering <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> <i>FT</i> MAPK plant hormone signal transduction sugar metabolism |
| title | Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Leaves of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ Provides Insight into Its Continuous-Flowering Trait |
| title_full | Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Leaves of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ Provides Insight into Its Continuous-Flowering Trait |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Leaves of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ Provides Insight into Its Continuous-Flowering Trait |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Leaves of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ Provides Insight into Its Continuous-Flowering Trait |
| title_short | Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Leaves of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ Provides Insight into Its Continuous-Flowering Trait |
| title_sort | comparative transcriptome analysis of mature leaves of i dimocarpus longan i cv sijimi provides insight into its continuous flowering trait |
| topic | continuous flowering <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> <i>FT</i> MAPK plant hormone signal transduction sugar metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/9/974 |
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