Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Leaves of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ Provides Insight into Its Continuous-Flowering Trait

Longan (<i>Dimocarpus longan</i> Lour.) is an important tropical and subtropical fruit, and most of its cultivars bloom once a year (once-flowering, OF). <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ (SJ) is a tropical ecotype variety that blooms several times a year (continuous-flow...

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Main Authors: Shilian Huang, Xinmin Lv, Junbin Wei, Dongmei Han, Jianguang Li, Dongliang Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Horticulturae
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/9/974
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author Shilian Huang
Xinmin Lv
Junbin Wei
Dongmei Han
Jianguang Li
Dongliang Guo
author_facet Shilian Huang
Xinmin Lv
Junbin Wei
Dongmei Han
Jianguang Li
Dongliang Guo
author_sort Shilian Huang
collection DOAJ
description Longan (<i>Dimocarpus longan</i> Lour.) is an important tropical and subtropical fruit, and most of its cultivars bloom once a year (once-flowering, OF). <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ (SJ) is a tropical ecotype variety that blooms several times a year (continuous-flowering, CF) without the need for low-temperature induction. Several studies have focused on the mechanism of continuous flowering in SJ longan; however, none used leaves as research material. As leaves are a key organ in sensing floral-induction signals, we compared gene-expression differences between mature leaves of CF (SJ) and OF (<i>D. longan</i> cv. ‘Shixia’ (SX) and <i>D. longan</i> cv. ‘Chuliang’ (CL)) longan by transcriptome sequencing. An average of 47,982,637, 43,833,340 and 54,441,291 clean reads were obtained for SJ, SX and CL respectively, and a total of 6745 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. Following Metabolic pathways, Plant-pathogen interaction and Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, most of the other genes were assigned to the KEGG classifications of MAPK signaling pathway- plant, Plant hormone signal transduction, Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and Starch and sucrose metabolism. WGCNA analysis clustered genes into 27 modules, among which bisque4 and darkorange2 module genes specifically were expressed at low and high levels in SJ, respectively. Different gene-expression patterns were detected between CF and OF longan in bisque4 and darkorange2 modules, especially the high levels of transcription factor (TF) expression and the large number of gibberellic acid (GA)-signaling-pathway-specific genes expressed at high levels in CF longan (SJ). Floral-induction-gene expression levels in CF longan, such as levels of GA-signaling-related and <i>FT</i> genes, were always high. In CF longan, after vegetative-growth accumulation, flowers could be directly induced, thereby eliminating the need for low-temperature induction.
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spelling doaj-art-07e105be282d4e1eba6266ab2ea2aa3d2025-08-20T01:55:32ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-09-0110997410.3390/horticulturae10090974Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Leaves of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ Provides Insight into Its Continuous-Flowering TraitShilian Huang0Xinmin Lv1Junbin Wei2Dongmei Han3Jianguang Li4Dongliang Guo5Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaInstitute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaInstitute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaInstitute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaInstitute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaInstitute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaLongan (<i>Dimocarpus longan</i> Lour.) is an important tropical and subtropical fruit, and most of its cultivars bloom once a year (once-flowering, OF). <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ (SJ) is a tropical ecotype variety that blooms several times a year (continuous-flowering, CF) without the need for low-temperature induction. Several studies have focused on the mechanism of continuous flowering in SJ longan; however, none used leaves as research material. As leaves are a key organ in sensing floral-induction signals, we compared gene-expression differences between mature leaves of CF (SJ) and OF (<i>D. longan</i> cv. ‘Shixia’ (SX) and <i>D. longan</i> cv. ‘Chuliang’ (CL)) longan by transcriptome sequencing. An average of 47,982,637, 43,833,340 and 54,441,291 clean reads were obtained for SJ, SX and CL respectively, and a total of 6745 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. Following Metabolic pathways, Plant-pathogen interaction and Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, most of the other genes were assigned to the KEGG classifications of MAPK signaling pathway- plant, Plant hormone signal transduction, Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and Starch and sucrose metabolism. WGCNA analysis clustered genes into 27 modules, among which bisque4 and darkorange2 module genes specifically were expressed at low and high levels in SJ, respectively. Different gene-expression patterns were detected between CF and OF longan in bisque4 and darkorange2 modules, especially the high levels of transcription factor (TF) expression and the large number of gibberellic acid (GA)-signaling-pathway-specific genes expressed at high levels in CF longan (SJ). Floral-induction-gene expression levels in CF longan, such as levels of GA-signaling-related and <i>FT</i> genes, were always high. In CF longan, after vegetative-growth accumulation, flowers could be directly induced, thereby eliminating the need for low-temperature induction.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/9/974continuous flowering<i>Dimocarpus longan</i><i>FT</i>MAPKplant hormone signal transductionsugar metabolism
spellingShingle Shilian Huang
Xinmin Lv
Junbin Wei
Dongmei Han
Jianguang Li
Dongliang Guo
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Leaves of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ Provides Insight into Its Continuous-Flowering Trait
Horticulturae
continuous flowering
<i>Dimocarpus longan</i>
<i>FT</i>
MAPK
plant hormone signal transduction
sugar metabolism
title Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Leaves of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ Provides Insight into Its Continuous-Flowering Trait
title_full Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Leaves of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ Provides Insight into Its Continuous-Flowering Trait
title_fullStr Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Leaves of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ Provides Insight into Its Continuous-Flowering Trait
title_full_unstemmed Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Leaves of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ Provides Insight into Its Continuous-Flowering Trait
title_short Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Mature Leaves of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> cv. ‘Sijimi’ Provides Insight into Its Continuous-Flowering Trait
title_sort comparative transcriptome analysis of mature leaves of i dimocarpus longan i cv sijimi provides insight into its continuous flowering trait
topic continuous flowering
<i>Dimocarpus longan</i>
<i>FT</i>
MAPK
plant hormone signal transduction
sugar metabolism
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/9/974
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