Effects of Calcium-Oxide-Modified Biochar on the Anaerobic Digestion of Vacuum Blackwater
The increasing global population and urbanization have led to significant challenges in waste management, particularly concerning vacuum blackwater (VBW), which is the wastewater generated from vacuum toilets. Traditional treatment methods, such as landfilling and composting, often fall short in ter...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Ping Fa Chiang Teng Ling Zhang Abdulmoseen Segun Giwa Ndungutse Jean Maurice Mugabekazi Joie Claire Nasir Ali Ehtisham Shafique Mohammadtaghi Vakili |
| author_facet | Ping Fa Chiang Teng Ling Zhang Abdulmoseen Segun Giwa Ndungutse Jean Maurice Mugabekazi Joie Claire Nasir Ali Ehtisham Shafique Mohammadtaghi Vakili |
| author_sort | Ping Fa Chiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increasing global population and urbanization have led to significant challenges in waste management, particularly concerning vacuum blackwater (VBW), which is the wastewater generated from vacuum toilets. Traditional treatment methods, such as landfilling and composting, often fall short in terms of efficiency and sustainability. Anaerobic digestion (AD) has emerged as a promising alternative, offering benefits such as biogas production and digestate generation. However, the performance of AD can be influenced by various factors, including the composition of the feedstock, pH levels, and the presence of inhibitors. This review investigates the effects of calcium oxide (CaO)-modified biochar (BC) as an additive in AD of VBW. Modifying BC with CaO enhances its alkalinity, nutrient retention, and adsorption capacity, creating a more favorable environment for microorganisms and promoting biogas production, which serves as a valuable source of heat, fuel and electricity. Additionally, the digestate can be processed through plasma pyrolysis to ensure the complete destruction of pathogens while promoting resource utilization. Plasma pyrolysis operates at extremely high temperatures, effectively sterilizing the digestate and eliminating both pathogens and harmful contaminants. This process not only guarantees the safety of the end products, but also transforms organic materials into valuable outputs such as syngas and slag. The syngas produced is a versatile energy carrier that can be utilized as a source of hydrogen, electricity, and heat, making it a valuable resource for various applications, including fuel cells and power generation. Furthermore, the slag has potential for reuse as an additive in the AD process or as a biofertilizer to enhance soil properties. This study aims to provide insights into the benefits of using modified BC as a co-substrate in AD systems. The findings will contribute to the development of more sustainable and efficient waste management strategies, addressing the challenges associated with VBW treatment while promoting renewable energy production. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-07bbed732b3c439392c4cfb5274fd17a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-07bbed732b3c439392c4cfb5274fd17a2025-01-24T13:43:08ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-01-0130221510.3390/molecules30020215Effects of Calcium-Oxide-Modified Biochar on the Anaerobic Digestion of Vacuum BlackwaterPing Fa Chiang0Teng Ling Zhang1Abdulmoseen Segun Giwa2Ndungutse Jean Maurice3Mugabekazi Joie Claire4Nasir Ali5Ehtisham Shafique6Mohammadtaghi Vakili7School of Economics and Management, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330100, ChinaSchool of Education, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330108, ChinaSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330108, ChinaInstitute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, ChinaFaculty of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaDepartment of Biological and Health Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Khanpur Road, Haripur 22621, PakistanDepartment of Biological and Health Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Khanpur Road, Haripur 22621, PakistanOrlen Unicre a.s., Revolucňí 1521/84, 400 01 Ústí nad Labem, Czech RepublicThe increasing global population and urbanization have led to significant challenges in waste management, particularly concerning vacuum blackwater (VBW), which is the wastewater generated from vacuum toilets. Traditional treatment methods, such as landfilling and composting, often fall short in terms of efficiency and sustainability. Anaerobic digestion (AD) has emerged as a promising alternative, offering benefits such as biogas production and digestate generation. However, the performance of AD can be influenced by various factors, including the composition of the feedstock, pH levels, and the presence of inhibitors. This review investigates the effects of calcium oxide (CaO)-modified biochar (BC) as an additive in AD of VBW. Modifying BC with CaO enhances its alkalinity, nutrient retention, and adsorption capacity, creating a more favorable environment for microorganisms and promoting biogas production, which serves as a valuable source of heat, fuel and electricity. Additionally, the digestate can be processed through plasma pyrolysis to ensure the complete destruction of pathogens while promoting resource utilization. Plasma pyrolysis operates at extremely high temperatures, effectively sterilizing the digestate and eliminating both pathogens and harmful contaminants. This process not only guarantees the safety of the end products, but also transforms organic materials into valuable outputs such as syngas and slag. The syngas produced is a versatile energy carrier that can be utilized as a source of hydrogen, electricity, and heat, making it a valuable resource for various applications, including fuel cells and power generation. Furthermore, the slag has potential for reuse as an additive in the AD process or as a biofertilizer to enhance soil properties. This study aims to provide insights into the benefits of using modified BC as a co-substrate in AD systems. The findings will contribute to the development of more sustainable and efficient waste management strategies, addressing the challenges associated with VBW treatment while promoting renewable energy production.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/215vacuum blackwatercalcium oxide-modified biocharanaerobic digestionintegrated methodsbioenergy recovery |
| spellingShingle | Ping Fa Chiang Teng Ling Zhang Abdulmoseen Segun Giwa Ndungutse Jean Maurice Mugabekazi Joie Claire Nasir Ali Ehtisham Shafique Mohammadtaghi Vakili Effects of Calcium-Oxide-Modified Biochar on the Anaerobic Digestion of Vacuum Blackwater Molecules vacuum blackwater calcium oxide-modified biochar anaerobic digestion integrated methods bioenergy recovery |
| title | Effects of Calcium-Oxide-Modified Biochar on the Anaerobic Digestion of Vacuum Blackwater |
| title_full | Effects of Calcium-Oxide-Modified Biochar on the Anaerobic Digestion of Vacuum Blackwater |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Calcium-Oxide-Modified Biochar on the Anaerobic Digestion of Vacuum Blackwater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Calcium-Oxide-Modified Biochar on the Anaerobic Digestion of Vacuum Blackwater |
| title_short | Effects of Calcium-Oxide-Modified Biochar on the Anaerobic Digestion of Vacuum Blackwater |
| title_sort | effects of calcium oxide modified biochar on the anaerobic digestion of vacuum blackwater |
| topic | vacuum blackwater calcium oxide-modified biochar anaerobic digestion integrated methods bioenergy recovery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/215 |
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