Mapping Alteration Zones for Detection of Economic Minerals using Integrated Tools in District Lower Dir, Northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

The study area is the part of Lower Dir which is geographically situated in the NW of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Geologically this area lies in the western part of the well-known Kohistan IslandArc. Itrepresents the best exposure to subduction-related island arc and has been regarded ast...

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Main Authors: Nazir Ul Islam, Liu Lei, Said Mukhtar Ahmad, Imran Ullah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Society of Economic Geologists and Mineral Technologists 2024-01-01
Series:International Journal of Economic and Environment Geology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.econ-environ-geol.org/index.php/ojs/article/view/135/88
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author Nazir Ul Islam
Liu Lei
Said Mukhtar Ahmad
Imran Ullah
author_facet Nazir Ul Islam
Liu Lei
Said Mukhtar Ahmad
Imran Ullah
author_sort Nazir Ul Islam
collection DOAJ
description The study area is the part of Lower Dir which is geographically situated in the NW of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Geologically this area lies in the western part of the well-known Kohistan IslandArc. Itrepresents the best exposure to subduction-related island arc and has been regarded asthe prominent metallogenic belt thathosts a variety of various minerals. The area has experiencedvarious tectonic episodes in the past and alteredthe rock assemblages which developedthe huge potential of copper and other precious base metals. To detect and monitor thesealteration zones,remote sensing techniquescoupled with field observation were evaluated in the current study. Landsat-7, Landsat-8,and Sentinel-2Bimages were processed under the shelter of Principal component(Crosta technique) analysis to demarcate the separate alteration zones. It was confirmed from the resultsthat the signature of the mappedalteration zone reflectsthe ground truth observationof copper mineralization in the target area. Furthermore, remote sensing signatures were correlated with thepetrographic details which also confirmedthese alteration zones. Spectrometry of the selected samples also delineatesthe same signature which is best fitted with the remote sensing data. From our current analysis,we suggest that a principal component technique in termsof medium to high-resolution remote sensing data is more beneficial for mineral exploration
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institution OA Journals
issn 2223-957X
language English
publishDate 2024-01-01
publisher Society of Economic Geologists and Mineral Technologists
record_format Article
series International Journal of Economic and Environment Geology
spelling doaj-art-078b8ce93e8c4a4c8d6a2f4ab3c1e1f92025-08-20T02:26:45ZengSociety of Economic Geologists and Mineral TechnologistsInternational Journal of Economic and Environment Geology2223-957X2024-01-011422734https://doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.v14i2.135Mapping Alteration Zones for Detection of Economic Minerals using Integrated Tools in District Lower Dir, Northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanNazir Ul Islam0Liu Lei1Said Mukhtar Ahmad2Imran Ullah3School of Earth Sciences & Resources, Chang’an University Xi’an, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences & Resources, Chang’an University Xi’an, China Yasir Shaheen KhalilDepartment of Earth Sciences Quaid I Azam University, PakistanDepartment of Earth Sciences Quaid I Azam University, PakistanThe study area is the part of Lower Dir which is geographically situated in the NW of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Geologically this area lies in the western part of the well-known Kohistan IslandArc. Itrepresents the best exposure to subduction-related island arc and has been regarded asthe prominent metallogenic belt thathosts a variety of various minerals. The area has experiencedvarious tectonic episodes in the past and alteredthe rock assemblages which developedthe huge potential of copper and other precious base metals. To detect and monitor thesealteration zones,remote sensing techniquescoupled with field observation were evaluated in the current study. Landsat-7, Landsat-8,and Sentinel-2Bimages were processed under the shelter of Principal component(Crosta technique) analysis to demarcate the separate alteration zones. It was confirmed from the resultsthat the signature of the mappedalteration zone reflectsthe ground truth observationof copper mineralization in the target area. Furthermore, remote sensing signatures were correlated with thepetrographic details which also confirmedthese alteration zones. Spectrometry of the selected samples also delineatesthe same signature which is best fitted with the remote sensing data. From our current analysis,we suggest that a principal component technique in termsof medium to high-resolution remote sensing data is more beneficial for mineral explorationhttps://www.econ-environ-geol.org/index.php/ojs/article/view/135/88landsat-8sentinel-2bprincipal component analysis
spellingShingle Nazir Ul Islam
Liu Lei
Said Mukhtar Ahmad
Imran Ullah
Mapping Alteration Zones for Detection of Economic Minerals using Integrated Tools in District Lower Dir, Northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
International Journal of Economic and Environment Geology
landsat-8
sentinel-2b
principal component analysis
title Mapping Alteration Zones for Detection of Economic Minerals using Integrated Tools in District Lower Dir, Northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
title_full Mapping Alteration Zones for Detection of Economic Minerals using Integrated Tools in District Lower Dir, Northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
title_fullStr Mapping Alteration Zones for Detection of Economic Minerals using Integrated Tools in District Lower Dir, Northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Mapping Alteration Zones for Detection of Economic Minerals using Integrated Tools in District Lower Dir, Northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
title_short Mapping Alteration Zones for Detection of Economic Minerals using Integrated Tools in District Lower Dir, Northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
title_sort mapping alteration zones for detection of economic minerals using integrated tools in district lower dir northwest khyber pakhtunkhwa pakistan
topic landsat-8
sentinel-2b
principal component analysis
url https://www.econ-environ-geol.org/index.php/ojs/article/view/135/88
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