Arsenic, manganese, and iron concentration in groundwater of northwestern part of Bangladesh using self-organizing maps: Implication for health risk assessment

Quantification of the non-linear relationship between arsenic (As) and physico-chemical parameters in groundwater through a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) was performed for the first time in Chapai-Nawabganj, Bangladesh. Due to the continuous assessment of groundwater quality, the spatial distribution of...

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Main Authors: Obaida Urme, AHM Selim Reza, Md Ibrahim Adham, Golam Sabbir Sattar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Heliyon
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025001859
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author Obaida Urme
AHM Selim Reza
Md Ibrahim Adham
Golam Sabbir Sattar
author_facet Obaida Urme
AHM Selim Reza
Md Ibrahim Adham
Golam Sabbir Sattar
author_sort Obaida Urme
collection DOAJ
description Quantification of the non-linear relationship between arsenic (As) and physico-chemical parameters in groundwater through a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) was performed for the first time in Chapai-Nawabganj, Bangladesh. Due to the continuous assessment of groundwater quality, the spatial distribution of As with associated elements was observed for the aerial extent of contaminated groundwater. The results exhibited that 57 % and 31 % of groundwater samples (n = 35) exceeded the allowable limit of As according to the WHO recommended drinking water standard (10 μg/L) and Bangladesh Drinking Water Standard (BDWS) (50 μg/L), respectively. The spatial distribution map of As demonstrated that a higher concentration of As in groundwater was found in the central portion of the study area and less amount was observed in the eastern part. Whereas 83 % of the samples for iron (Fe) concentration in groundwater surpassed the WHO guideline limit (0.3 mg/L) and were distributed all over the area except in the central part. Moreover, manganese (Mn) concentration varied from place to place within the allowable limit of WHO. The SOM analysis elucidated the non-linear relationship of As with other elements in two-dimensional planes of having 49 nodes (7 × 7), which incorporated with Spearman's correlation coefficient quantified the positive correlation among As, Mn and Ca, and negative correlation among As, Fe, EC and pH. In accordance with human health risk was also explained in terms of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk. Health risk assessment demonstrated that higher health hazard (HQ) values in 57 % of the samples exceeded the threshold value for adults through the oral route, which implied the potential non-carcinogenic health risk, while 63 % of the samples for cancer risk (CR) was higher than the allowable limit indicating the considerable cancer risk zone for the residents of the area. This analysis provides information to the planners for formulating effective groundwater resources management and minimizing health sustainably.
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spelling doaj-art-075324b63b3a48cd84256b15b93fdd3c2025-02-02T05:28:15ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402025-01-01112e41805Arsenic, manganese, and iron concentration in groundwater of northwestern part of Bangladesh using self-organizing maps: Implication for health risk assessmentObaida Urme0AHM Selim Reza1Md Ibrahim Adham2Golam Sabbir Sattar3Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, BangladeshCorresponding author.; Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, BangladeshDepartment of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, BangladeshDepartment of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, BangladeshQuantification of the non-linear relationship between arsenic (As) and physico-chemical parameters in groundwater through a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) was performed for the first time in Chapai-Nawabganj, Bangladesh. Due to the continuous assessment of groundwater quality, the spatial distribution of As with associated elements was observed for the aerial extent of contaminated groundwater. The results exhibited that 57 % and 31 % of groundwater samples (n = 35) exceeded the allowable limit of As according to the WHO recommended drinking water standard (10 μg/L) and Bangladesh Drinking Water Standard (BDWS) (50 μg/L), respectively. The spatial distribution map of As demonstrated that a higher concentration of As in groundwater was found in the central portion of the study area and less amount was observed in the eastern part. Whereas 83 % of the samples for iron (Fe) concentration in groundwater surpassed the WHO guideline limit (0.3 mg/L) and were distributed all over the area except in the central part. Moreover, manganese (Mn) concentration varied from place to place within the allowable limit of WHO. The SOM analysis elucidated the non-linear relationship of As with other elements in two-dimensional planes of having 49 nodes (7 × 7), which incorporated with Spearman's correlation coefficient quantified the positive correlation among As, Mn and Ca, and negative correlation among As, Fe, EC and pH. In accordance with human health risk was also explained in terms of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk. Health risk assessment demonstrated that higher health hazard (HQ) values in 57 % of the samples exceeded the threshold value for adults through the oral route, which implied the potential non-carcinogenic health risk, while 63 % of the samples for cancer risk (CR) was higher than the allowable limit indicating the considerable cancer risk zone for the residents of the area. This analysis provides information to the planners for formulating effective groundwater resources management and minimizing health sustainably.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025001859ArsenicGroundwater qualityHealth risk assessmentSelf-organizing map (SOM)
spellingShingle Obaida Urme
AHM Selim Reza
Md Ibrahim Adham
Golam Sabbir Sattar
Arsenic, manganese, and iron concentration in groundwater of northwestern part of Bangladesh using self-organizing maps: Implication for health risk assessment
Heliyon
Arsenic
Groundwater quality
Health risk assessment
Self-organizing map (SOM)
title Arsenic, manganese, and iron concentration in groundwater of northwestern part of Bangladesh using self-organizing maps: Implication for health risk assessment
title_full Arsenic, manganese, and iron concentration in groundwater of northwestern part of Bangladesh using self-organizing maps: Implication for health risk assessment
title_fullStr Arsenic, manganese, and iron concentration in groundwater of northwestern part of Bangladesh using self-organizing maps: Implication for health risk assessment
title_full_unstemmed Arsenic, manganese, and iron concentration in groundwater of northwestern part of Bangladesh using self-organizing maps: Implication for health risk assessment
title_short Arsenic, manganese, and iron concentration in groundwater of northwestern part of Bangladesh using self-organizing maps: Implication for health risk assessment
title_sort arsenic manganese and iron concentration in groundwater of northwestern part of bangladesh using self organizing maps implication for health risk assessment
topic Arsenic
Groundwater quality
Health risk assessment
Self-organizing map (SOM)
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025001859
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