Scale of employees’ initiative for proactive health: development and validity testing
Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant public health challenge, with employees particularly vulnerable due to modifiable lifestyle risk factors. Proactive health underscores the importance of self-initiated behaviors in disease prevention and health promotion. Howeve...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03040-0 |
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| author | Qianqian Huang Feng Jiang Huanzhong Liu Lufa Zhang Yi-Lang Tang |
| author_facet | Qianqian Huang Feng Jiang Huanzhong Liu Lufa Zhang Yi-Lang Tang |
| author_sort | Qianqian Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant public health challenge, with employees particularly vulnerable due to modifiable lifestyle risk factors. Proactive health underscores the importance of self-initiated behaviors in disease prevention and health promotion. However, existing measures primarily assess workplace initiative, overlooking its relevance to health. This study aims to develop and validate the Employees’ Initiative for Proactive Health (EIPH) scale to address this gap. Methods The instrument development phase identified 11 preliminary items through literature review and expert consultation with five experts. The item discrimination index, item-total correlations, preliminary reliability, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were performed on a pilot sample of 204 participants, followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and concurrent validity on the main sample of 289 participants. The cutoff value was also assessed. Results The EIPH scale was refined to five items, with eigenvalues greater than 1, accounting for 45.71% of the variance. Standardized factor loadings for the CFA indices ranged between 0.41 and 0.55. The correlation coefficient for concurrent validity was 0.569 (p < 0.001), and Cronbach’s α coefficient for reliability was 0.58. The cutoff value was 18.5 points. Conclusions The scale demonstrated reasonable and reliable measurement of EIPH among Chinese participants. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-074a55d19a9e4e128e7b21fe8262f7a0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2050-7283 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Psychology |
| spelling | doaj-art-074a55d19a9e4e128e7b21fe8262f7a02025-08-20T04:01:43ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832025-07-0113111110.1186/s40359-025-03040-0Scale of employees’ initiative for proactive health: development and validity testingQianqian Huang0Feng Jiang1Huanzhong Liu2Lufa Zhang3Yi-Lang Tang4School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversitySchool of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory UniversityAbstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant public health challenge, with employees particularly vulnerable due to modifiable lifestyle risk factors. Proactive health underscores the importance of self-initiated behaviors in disease prevention and health promotion. However, existing measures primarily assess workplace initiative, overlooking its relevance to health. This study aims to develop and validate the Employees’ Initiative for Proactive Health (EIPH) scale to address this gap. Methods The instrument development phase identified 11 preliminary items through literature review and expert consultation with five experts. The item discrimination index, item-total correlations, preliminary reliability, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were performed on a pilot sample of 204 participants, followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and concurrent validity on the main sample of 289 participants. The cutoff value was also assessed. Results The EIPH scale was refined to five items, with eigenvalues greater than 1, accounting for 45.71% of the variance. Standardized factor loadings for the CFA indices ranged between 0.41 and 0.55. The correlation coefficient for concurrent validity was 0.569 (p < 0.001), and Cronbach’s α coefficient for reliability was 0.58. The cutoff value was 18.5 points. Conclusions The scale demonstrated reasonable and reliable measurement of EIPH among Chinese participants.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03040-0Proactive healthEmployees’ initiativeFactor analysisInstrument developmentChina |
| spellingShingle | Qianqian Huang Feng Jiang Huanzhong Liu Lufa Zhang Yi-Lang Tang Scale of employees’ initiative for proactive health: development and validity testing BMC Psychology Proactive health Employees’ initiative Factor analysis Instrument development China |
| title | Scale of employees’ initiative for proactive health: development and validity testing |
| title_full | Scale of employees’ initiative for proactive health: development and validity testing |
| title_fullStr | Scale of employees’ initiative for proactive health: development and validity testing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Scale of employees’ initiative for proactive health: development and validity testing |
| title_short | Scale of employees’ initiative for proactive health: development and validity testing |
| title_sort | scale of employees initiative for proactive health development and validity testing |
| topic | Proactive health Employees’ initiative Factor analysis Instrument development China |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03040-0 |
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