Dynamics of a Self-Excited Vibrating Thermal Energy Harvester with Shape Memory Alloys and PVDF Cantilevers
This paper discusses the dynamics of a novel energy harvester that converts heat into mechanical vibrations of two polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric cantilevers that generate electrical energy using a shape memory alloy (SMA) filament. The vibrations are generated by a symmetrical system...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/1/8 |
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| author | Ivo Yotov Georgi Todorov Elitsa Gieva Todor Todorov |
| author_facet | Ivo Yotov Georgi Todorov Elitsa Gieva Todor Todorov |
| author_sort | Ivo Yotov |
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| description | This paper discusses the dynamics of a novel energy harvester that converts heat into mechanical vibrations of two polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric cantilevers that generate electrical energy using a shape memory alloy (SMA) filament. The vibrations are generated by a symmetrical system of two masses placed on the SMA filament, which moves transversely due to its own longitudinal temperature contractions and extensions. Temperature differences over a heat source of constant temperature are the cause of the periodic changes in length of the SMA filament. An experimental setup was created to study the harvester by measuring the mass displacements and electrical voltages generated by the piezoelectric cantilevers. Data were obtained on the dependence of the output voltage and power on the load resistance of the consumer. The experimental results are validated by a multiphysics dynamical model, taking into account the relationships between the mechanical, thermal and electrical domains. The vibrational modeling of the SMA filament takes into account the hysteresis properties and their characteristics when the time gradient changes, leading to the appearance of minor and sub-minor hysteresis. Research has shown that from a heater with a constant temperature of 70 °C, the maximum power obtained is 3.6 μW at a load resistance of 4 MΩ, and a maximum voltage of 5.8 V was generated at a load resistance of 13 MΩ. An important feature of the proposed design is the possibility of miniaturizing the mechanical system. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0738555f129e4846a9e78afef63ace15 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-0825 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Actuators |
| spelling | doaj-art-0738555f129e4846a9e78afef63ace152025-01-24T13:15:09ZengMDPI AGActuators2076-08252024-12-01141810.3390/act14010008Dynamics of a Self-Excited Vibrating Thermal Energy Harvester with Shape Memory Alloys and PVDF CantileversIvo Yotov0Georgi Todorov1Elitsa Gieva2Todor Todorov3Department of Theory of Mechanisms and Machines, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Technical University of Sofia, 1797 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Manufacturing Technology and Systems, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Technical University of Sofia, 1797 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electronic Engineering and Technologies, Technical University of Sofia, 1797 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Theory of Mechanisms and Machines, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Technical University of Sofia, 1797 Sofia, BulgariaThis paper discusses the dynamics of a novel energy harvester that converts heat into mechanical vibrations of two polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric cantilevers that generate electrical energy using a shape memory alloy (SMA) filament. The vibrations are generated by a symmetrical system of two masses placed on the SMA filament, which moves transversely due to its own longitudinal temperature contractions and extensions. Temperature differences over a heat source of constant temperature are the cause of the periodic changes in length of the SMA filament. An experimental setup was created to study the harvester by measuring the mass displacements and electrical voltages generated by the piezoelectric cantilevers. Data were obtained on the dependence of the output voltage and power on the load resistance of the consumer. The experimental results are validated by a multiphysics dynamical model, taking into account the relationships between the mechanical, thermal and electrical domains. The vibrational modeling of the SMA filament takes into account the hysteresis properties and their characteristics when the time gradient changes, leading to the appearance of minor and sub-minor hysteresis. Research has shown that from a heater with a constant temperature of 70 °C, the maximum power obtained is 3.6 μW at a load resistance of 4 MΩ, and a maximum voltage of 5.8 V was generated at a load resistance of 13 MΩ. An important feature of the proposed design is the possibility of miniaturizing the mechanical system.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/1/8thermal energy harvestingthermally self-excited vibrationsshape memory alloyspolyvinylidene fluoride cantilevers |
| spellingShingle | Ivo Yotov Georgi Todorov Elitsa Gieva Todor Todorov Dynamics of a Self-Excited Vibrating Thermal Energy Harvester with Shape Memory Alloys and PVDF Cantilevers Actuators thermal energy harvesting thermally self-excited vibrations shape memory alloys polyvinylidene fluoride cantilevers |
| title | Dynamics of a Self-Excited Vibrating Thermal Energy Harvester with Shape Memory Alloys and PVDF Cantilevers |
| title_full | Dynamics of a Self-Excited Vibrating Thermal Energy Harvester with Shape Memory Alloys and PVDF Cantilevers |
| title_fullStr | Dynamics of a Self-Excited Vibrating Thermal Energy Harvester with Shape Memory Alloys and PVDF Cantilevers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamics of a Self-Excited Vibrating Thermal Energy Harvester with Shape Memory Alloys and PVDF Cantilevers |
| title_short | Dynamics of a Self-Excited Vibrating Thermal Energy Harvester with Shape Memory Alloys and PVDF Cantilevers |
| title_sort | dynamics of a self excited vibrating thermal energy harvester with shape memory alloys and pvdf cantilevers |
| topic | thermal energy harvesting thermally self-excited vibrations shape memory alloys polyvinylidene fluoride cantilevers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/1/8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ivoyotov dynamicsofaselfexcitedvibratingthermalenergyharvesterwithshapememoryalloysandpvdfcantilevers AT georgitodorov dynamicsofaselfexcitedvibratingthermalenergyharvesterwithshapememoryalloysandpvdfcantilevers AT elitsagieva dynamicsofaselfexcitedvibratingthermalenergyharvesterwithshapememoryalloysandpvdfcantilevers AT todortodorov dynamicsofaselfexcitedvibratingthermalenergyharvesterwithshapememoryalloysandpvdfcantilevers |