Morphologic Features of Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are the prototypic complications of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the liver. However, hepatitis C virus also affects a variety of other organs that may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C infection in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2012-01-01
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| Series: | Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/740138 |
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| author | Huaibin M. Ko Juan C. Hernandez-Prera Hongfa Zhu Steven H. Dikman Harleen K. Sidhu Stephen C. Ward Swan N. Thung |
| author_facet | Huaibin M. Ko Juan C. Hernandez-Prera Hongfa Zhu Steven H. Dikman Harleen K. Sidhu Stephen C. Ward Swan N. Thung |
| author_sort | Huaibin M. Ko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are the prototypic complications of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the liver. However, hepatitis C virus also affects a variety of other organs that may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C infection include a multitude of disease processes affecting the small vessels, skin, kidneys, salivary gland, eyes, thyroid, and immunologic system. The majority of these conditions are thought to be immune mediated. The most documented of these entities is mixed cryoglobulinemia. Morphologically, immune complex depositions can be identified in small vessels and glomerular capillary walls, leading to leukoclastic vasculitis in the skin and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in the kidney. Other HCV-associated entities include porphyria cutanea tarda, lichen planus, necrolytic acral erythema, membranous glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, insulin resistance, sialadenitis, sicca syndrome, and autoimmune thyroiditis. This paper highlights the histomorphologic features of these processes, which are typically characterized by chronic inflammation, immune complex deposition, and immunoproliferative disease in the affected organ. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0737c81bd32a47aab16fc4f734dc5af7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1740-2522 1740-2530 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-0737c81bd32a47aab16fc4f734dc5af72025-02-03T05:48:09ZengWileyClinical and Developmental Immunology1740-25221740-25302012-01-01201210.1155/2012/740138740138Morphologic Features of Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus InfectionHuaibin M. Ko0Juan C. Hernandez-Prera1Hongfa Zhu2Steven H. Dikman3Harleen K. Sidhu4Stephen C. Ward5Swan N. Thung6The Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USAThe Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USAThe Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USAThe Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USAThe Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USAThe Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USAThe Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USACirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are the prototypic complications of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the liver. However, hepatitis C virus also affects a variety of other organs that may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C infection include a multitude of disease processes affecting the small vessels, skin, kidneys, salivary gland, eyes, thyroid, and immunologic system. The majority of these conditions are thought to be immune mediated. The most documented of these entities is mixed cryoglobulinemia. Morphologically, immune complex depositions can be identified in small vessels and glomerular capillary walls, leading to leukoclastic vasculitis in the skin and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in the kidney. Other HCV-associated entities include porphyria cutanea tarda, lichen planus, necrolytic acral erythema, membranous glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, insulin resistance, sialadenitis, sicca syndrome, and autoimmune thyroiditis. This paper highlights the histomorphologic features of these processes, which are typically characterized by chronic inflammation, immune complex deposition, and immunoproliferative disease in the affected organ.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/740138 |
| spellingShingle | Huaibin M. Ko Juan C. Hernandez-Prera Hongfa Zhu Steven H. Dikman Harleen K. Sidhu Stephen C. Ward Swan N. Thung Morphologic Features of Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| title | Morphologic Features of Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection |
| title_full | Morphologic Features of Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection |
| title_fullStr | Morphologic Features of Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphologic Features of Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection |
| title_short | Morphologic Features of Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection |
| title_sort | morphologic features of extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis c virus infection |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/740138 |
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