Neuroprotective effects of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in nervous system disorders: A comprehensive review
Juglans regia L. (walnut) has a rich history in traditional medicine due to its various medicinal properties, including its neuroprotective effects on nervous system disorders. This updated review sheds light on the therapeutic potential of walnuts in nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer’s dis...
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Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_24942_70af94d165b612350ff8653274b66159.pdf |
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| author | Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar Hossein Hosseinzadeh |
| author_facet | Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar Hossein Hosseinzadeh |
| author_sort | Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Juglans regia L. (walnut) has a rich history in traditional medicine due to its various medicinal properties, including its neuroprotective effects on nervous system disorders. This updated review sheds light on the therapeutic potential of walnuts in nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, epilepsy, and pain, supported by evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies. These beneficial effects are attributed to the walnut’s rich composition of bioactive compounds, including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, sinapate, ellagic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin 3-galactoside, juglone, vanillic acid, quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, apigenin, luteolin, daidzein, and others. The mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of walnuts include decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, proteolysis, β-amyloid plaque accumulation, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, phosphorylated-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) levels, increasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, mitochondrial homeostasis, expression of mitophagy-related proteins, and activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. Although walnuts hold great promise in managing nervous system disorders and their complications, further preclinical and clinical investigations are necessary to consolidate these findings. This comprehensive review highlights the potential of walnuts as a natural therapeutic agent and encourages future research to unlock their full neuroprotective potential. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-072ca4e5c8b5436a9bf3dda267e2dfd3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2008-3866 2008-3874 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Mashhad University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-072ca4e5c8b5436a9bf3dda267e2dfd32025-08-20T03:56:45ZengMashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-38662008-38742024-12-0127121492150510.22038/ijbms.2024.79854.1730224942Neuroprotective effects of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in nervous system disorders: A comprehensive reviewMahboobeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar0Hossein Hosseinzadeh1Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranPharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranJuglans regia L. (walnut) has a rich history in traditional medicine due to its various medicinal properties, including its neuroprotective effects on nervous system disorders. This updated review sheds light on the therapeutic potential of walnuts in nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, epilepsy, and pain, supported by evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies. These beneficial effects are attributed to the walnut’s rich composition of bioactive compounds, including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, sinapate, ellagic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin 3-galactoside, juglone, vanillic acid, quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, apigenin, luteolin, daidzein, and others. The mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of walnuts include decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, proteolysis, β-amyloid plaque accumulation, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, phosphorylated-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) levels, increasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, mitochondrial homeostasis, expression of mitophagy-related proteins, and activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. Although walnuts hold great promise in managing nervous system disorders and their complications, further preclinical and clinical investigations are necessary to consolidate these findings. This comprehensive review highlights the potential of walnuts as a natural therapeutic agent and encourages future research to unlock their full neuroprotective potential.https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_24942_70af94d165b612350ff8653274b66159.pdfanalgesicsanti-inflammatory agentsanti-oxidantsepilepsyherbal medicineneurodegenerative diseases |
| spellingShingle | Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar Hossein Hosseinzadeh Neuroprotective effects of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in nervous system disorders: A comprehensive review Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences analgesics anti-inflammatory agents anti-oxidants epilepsy herbal medicine neurodegenerative diseases |
| title | Neuroprotective effects of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in nervous system disorders: A comprehensive review |
| title_full | Neuroprotective effects of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in nervous system disorders: A comprehensive review |
| title_fullStr | Neuroprotective effects of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in nervous system disorders: A comprehensive review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuroprotective effects of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in nervous system disorders: A comprehensive review |
| title_short | Neuroprotective effects of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in nervous system disorders: A comprehensive review |
| title_sort | neuroprotective effects of walnut juglans regia l in nervous system disorders a comprehensive review |
| topic | analgesics anti-inflammatory agents anti-oxidants epilepsy herbal medicine neurodegenerative diseases |
| url | https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_24942_70af94d165b612350ff8653274b66159.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mahboobehghasemzadehrahbardar neuroprotectiveeffectsofwalnutjuglansregialinnervoussystemdisordersacomprehensivereview AT hosseinhosseinzadeh neuroprotectiveeffectsofwalnutjuglansregialinnervoussystemdisordersacomprehensivereview |