Fabrication, In Vitro, and In Vivo Assessment of Eucalyptol-Loaded Nanoemulgel as a Novel Paradigm for Wound Healing
Wounds are the most common causes of mortality all over the world. Topical drug delivery systems are more efficient in treating wounds as compared to oral delivery systems because they bypass the disadvantages of the oral route. The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate in vitro in...
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2022-09-01
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| author | Anis Rehman Muhammad Iqbal Barkat A. Khan Muhammad Khalid Khan Bader Huwaimel Sameer Alshehri Ali H. Alamri Rami M. Alzhrani Deena M. Bukhary Awaji Y. Safhi Khaled M. Hosny |
| author_facet | Anis Rehman Muhammad Iqbal Barkat A. Khan Muhammad Khalid Khan Bader Huwaimel Sameer Alshehri Ali H. Alamri Rami M. Alzhrani Deena M. Bukhary Awaji Y. Safhi Khaled M. Hosny |
| author_sort | Anis Rehman |
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| description | Wounds are the most common causes of mortality all over the world. Topical drug delivery systems are more efficient in treating wounds as compared to oral delivery systems because they bypass the disadvantages of the oral route. The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate in vitro in vivo nanoemulgels loaded with eucalyptol for wound healing. Nanoemulsions were prepared using the solvent emulsification diffusion method by mixing an aqueous phase and an oil phase, and a nanoemulgel was then fabricated by mixing nanoemulsions with a gelling agent (Carbopol 940) in a 1:1 ratio. The nanoemulgels were evaluated regarding stability, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), droplet size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), spreadability, drug content, in vitro drug release, and in vivo study. The optimized formulation, F5, exhibited pH values between 5 and 6, with no significant variations at different temperatures, and acceptable homogeneity and spreadability. F5 had a droplet size of 139 ± 5.8 nm, with a low polydispersity index. FTIR studies showed the compatibility of the drug with the excipients. The drug content of F5 was 94.81%. The percentage of wound contraction of the experimental, standard, and control groups were 100% ± 0.015, 98.170% ± 0.749, and 70.846% ± 0.830, respectively. Statistically, the experimental group showed a significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.03) from the other two groups. The results suggest that the formulated optimized dosage showed optimum stability, and it can be considered an effective wound healing alternative. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-07032ef017dc4a0a945fcbf923e79491 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-07032ef017dc4a0a945fcbf923e794912025-01-30T15:19:36ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-09-01149197110.3390/pharmaceutics14091971Fabrication, In Vitro, and In Vivo Assessment of Eucalyptol-Loaded Nanoemulgel as a Novel Paradigm for Wound HealingAnis Rehman0Muhammad Iqbal1Barkat A. Khan2Muhammad Khalid Khan3Bader Huwaimel4Sameer Alshehri5Ali H. Alamri6Rami M. Alzhrani7Deena M. Bukhary8Awaji Y. Safhi9Khaled M. Hosny10Drug Delivery and Cosmetic Lab (DDCL), Gomal Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, PakistanDrug Delivery and Cosmetic Lab (DDCL), Gomal Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, PakistanDrug Delivery and Cosmetic Lab (DDCL), Gomal Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, PakistanDrug Delivery and Cosmetic Lab (DDCL), Gomal Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, PakistanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaWounds are the most common causes of mortality all over the world. Topical drug delivery systems are more efficient in treating wounds as compared to oral delivery systems because they bypass the disadvantages of the oral route. The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate in vitro in vivo nanoemulgels loaded with eucalyptol for wound healing. Nanoemulsions were prepared using the solvent emulsification diffusion method by mixing an aqueous phase and an oil phase, and a nanoemulgel was then fabricated by mixing nanoemulsions with a gelling agent (Carbopol 940) in a 1:1 ratio. The nanoemulgels were evaluated regarding stability, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), droplet size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), spreadability, drug content, in vitro drug release, and in vivo study. The optimized formulation, F5, exhibited pH values between 5 and 6, with no significant variations at different temperatures, and acceptable homogeneity and spreadability. F5 had a droplet size of 139 ± 5.8 nm, with a low polydispersity index. FTIR studies showed the compatibility of the drug with the excipients. The drug content of F5 was 94.81%. The percentage of wound contraction of the experimental, standard, and control groups were 100% ± 0.015, 98.170% ± 0.749, and 70.846% ± 0.830, respectively. Statistically, the experimental group showed a significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.03) from the other two groups. The results suggest that the formulated optimized dosage showed optimum stability, and it can be considered an effective wound healing alternative.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/9/1971sustainability of natural resourceseucalyptolwound healingtopical deliverynanoemulgelzeta potential |
| spellingShingle | Anis Rehman Muhammad Iqbal Barkat A. Khan Muhammad Khalid Khan Bader Huwaimel Sameer Alshehri Ali H. Alamri Rami M. Alzhrani Deena M. Bukhary Awaji Y. Safhi Khaled M. Hosny Fabrication, In Vitro, and In Vivo Assessment of Eucalyptol-Loaded Nanoemulgel as a Novel Paradigm for Wound Healing Pharmaceutics sustainability of natural resources eucalyptol wound healing topical delivery nanoemulgel zeta potential |
| title | Fabrication, In Vitro, and In Vivo Assessment of Eucalyptol-Loaded Nanoemulgel as a Novel Paradigm for Wound Healing |
| title_full | Fabrication, In Vitro, and In Vivo Assessment of Eucalyptol-Loaded Nanoemulgel as a Novel Paradigm for Wound Healing |
| title_fullStr | Fabrication, In Vitro, and In Vivo Assessment of Eucalyptol-Loaded Nanoemulgel as a Novel Paradigm for Wound Healing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication, In Vitro, and In Vivo Assessment of Eucalyptol-Loaded Nanoemulgel as a Novel Paradigm for Wound Healing |
| title_short | Fabrication, In Vitro, and In Vivo Assessment of Eucalyptol-Loaded Nanoemulgel as a Novel Paradigm for Wound Healing |
| title_sort | fabrication in vitro and in vivo assessment of eucalyptol loaded nanoemulgel as a novel paradigm for wound healing |
| topic | sustainability of natural resources eucalyptol wound healing topical delivery nanoemulgel zeta potential |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/9/1971 |
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