Dimensions of the psychological emptiness and its relation with suicide history among college students

BackgroundThe psychological emptiness (PE) presents a state of emotional emptiness and lack of meaning, and is increasingly relevant in modern society. However, few studies have tried to assess its dimension and suicide history. This study aims to establish the factorial structure of PE and compare...

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Main Authors: Xing Hang, Wenqi Lü, Yan Wu, Xudong Kang, Ye Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1626912/full
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author Xing Hang
Wenqi Lü
Yan Wu
Yan Wu
Xudong Kang
Ye Zhu
author_facet Xing Hang
Wenqi Lü
Yan Wu
Yan Wu
Xudong Kang
Ye Zhu
author_sort Xing Hang
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThe psychological emptiness (PE) presents a state of emotional emptiness and lack of meaning, and is increasingly relevant in modern society. However, few studies have tried to assess its dimension and suicide history. This study aims to establish the factorial structure of PE and compare its predictive power against a standard depression inventory.MethodsA total of 45,335 university students participated in the study. The 20 items involving lack of purpose, depression, and meaninglessness in life were used to evaluate the PE, alongside the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to identify the structure of the 20 items, while confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to confirm the construct validity of the model. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the predictive relationship between the identified factors and suicide history.ResultsEFA identified a three-factor structure: Depression and Self-Harm/Suicidal Tendencies (DST), Life Meaning and Purpose (LMP), and Study Motivation (SM). The three factors accounted for 23.1, 12.6, and 11.9% of the total variance, respectively. CFA confirmed the construct validity of the model, which showed acceptable fit indices and high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > 0.80). Logistic regression analysis revealed that DST was the strongest predictor of suicide risk (AUC = 0.84), outperforming traditional depression scales (BDI, AUC = 0.58).ConclusionThe present study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding PE. The PE may include three psychological dimensions, while DST is a strong predictor of suicide history.
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spelling doaj-art-06f00a58d47b4c52a6fa27b9b816ea1d2025-08-20T03:16:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-07-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.16269121626912Dimensions of the psychological emptiness and its relation with suicide history among college studentsXing Hang0Wenqi Lü1Yan Wu2Yan Wu3Xudong Kang4Ye Zhu5Business School, Chengdu University, Chengdu, ChinaSleep Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Postgraduate Student, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaCollege of Marxism, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaMental Health Education Center, Chengdu University, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Marxism, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, ChinaBackgroundThe psychological emptiness (PE) presents a state of emotional emptiness and lack of meaning, and is increasingly relevant in modern society. However, few studies have tried to assess its dimension and suicide history. This study aims to establish the factorial structure of PE and compare its predictive power against a standard depression inventory.MethodsA total of 45,335 university students participated in the study. The 20 items involving lack of purpose, depression, and meaninglessness in life were used to evaluate the PE, alongside the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to identify the structure of the 20 items, while confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to confirm the construct validity of the model. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the predictive relationship between the identified factors and suicide history.ResultsEFA identified a three-factor structure: Depression and Self-Harm/Suicidal Tendencies (DST), Life Meaning and Purpose (LMP), and Study Motivation (SM). The three factors accounted for 23.1, 12.6, and 11.9% of the total variance, respectively. CFA confirmed the construct validity of the model, which showed acceptable fit indices and high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > 0.80). Logistic regression analysis revealed that DST was the strongest predictor of suicide risk (AUC = 0.84), outperforming traditional depression scales (BDI, AUC = 0.58).ConclusionThe present study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding PE. The PE may include three psychological dimensions, while DST is a strong predictor of suicide history.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1626912/fullpsychologicalpsychiatrysuicidepsychopatalogybehavior
spellingShingle Xing Hang
Wenqi Lü
Yan Wu
Yan Wu
Xudong Kang
Ye Zhu
Dimensions of the psychological emptiness and its relation with suicide history among college students
Frontiers in Psychology
psychological
psychiatry
suicide
psychopatalogy
behavior
title Dimensions of the psychological emptiness and its relation with suicide history among college students
title_full Dimensions of the psychological emptiness and its relation with suicide history among college students
title_fullStr Dimensions of the psychological emptiness and its relation with suicide history among college students
title_full_unstemmed Dimensions of the psychological emptiness and its relation with suicide history among college students
title_short Dimensions of the psychological emptiness and its relation with suicide history among college students
title_sort dimensions of the psychological emptiness and its relation with suicide history among college students
topic psychological
psychiatry
suicide
psychopatalogy
behavior
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1626912/full
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