Anticancer properties of beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene terpenes: A review
Terpenes are a structurally diverse family of secondary metabolites found mostly in plants and microorganisms. Beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene are abundant in aromatic medicinal plants. Beta- caryophyllene can be sourced from clove and cannabis amongst others, and d-limonene is abundant in the Cit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/apjtb.apjtb_7_25 |
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| author | Ololade S. Gbadebo Elizabeth D. Oke Felix A. Ajibuwa |
| author_facet | Ololade S. Gbadebo Elizabeth D. Oke Felix A. Ajibuwa |
| author_sort | Ololade S. Gbadebo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Terpenes are a structurally diverse family of secondary metabolites found mostly in plants and microorganisms. Beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene are abundant in aromatic medicinal plants. Beta- caryophyllene can be sourced from clove and cannabis amongst others, and d-limonene is abundant in the Citrus genera. Apart from their use in agriculture, cosmetics, and food industries, these terpenes possess a wide range of therapeutic activities, including antimicrobial, analgesic, and anticancer activities. This review discusses the anticancer effects of these two compounds against malignant tumors including breast, lung, gastrointestinal, bone, blood, endometrial, and bladder cancer. Beta-caryophyllene induces apoptosis and prevents proliferation and metastasis through the downregulation of HSP60, HTRA, survivin, XIAP, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2 and the upregulation of caspase 3, annexin V, p21, Bad, Bak, and Bax. The anticancer activity is also mediated by G1/M arrest, ROS induction, and JAK1/STAT activation. d-Limonene exerts its anticancer effects by upregulating autophagy-linked genes, Bax, and caspase 3 and downregulating cyclin D1 and Bcl-2. These compounds also elicit synergistic effects upon co-administration with anticancer drugs and show great prospects as useful agents in the fight against cancer. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0683c2fea72e46ae8f1acae9ede04855 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2221-1691 2588-9222 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-0683c2fea72e46ae8f1acae9ede048552025-08-20T02:11:01ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsAsian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2221-16912588-92222025-04-0115412914010.4103/apjtb.apjtb_7_25Anticancer properties of beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene terpenes: A reviewOlolade S. GbadeboElizabeth D. OkeFelix A. AjibuwaTerpenes are a structurally diverse family of secondary metabolites found mostly in plants and microorganisms. Beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene are abundant in aromatic medicinal plants. Beta- caryophyllene can be sourced from clove and cannabis amongst others, and d-limonene is abundant in the Citrus genera. Apart from their use in agriculture, cosmetics, and food industries, these terpenes possess a wide range of therapeutic activities, including antimicrobial, analgesic, and anticancer activities. This review discusses the anticancer effects of these two compounds against malignant tumors including breast, lung, gastrointestinal, bone, blood, endometrial, and bladder cancer. Beta-caryophyllene induces apoptosis and prevents proliferation and metastasis through the downregulation of HSP60, HTRA, survivin, XIAP, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2 and the upregulation of caspase 3, annexin V, p21, Bad, Bak, and Bax. The anticancer activity is also mediated by G1/M arrest, ROS induction, and JAK1/STAT activation. d-Limonene exerts its anticancer effects by upregulating autophagy-linked genes, Bax, and caspase 3 and downregulating cyclin D1 and Bcl-2. These compounds also elicit synergistic effects upon co-administration with anticancer drugs and show great prospects as useful agents in the fight against cancer.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/apjtb.apjtb_7_25anticancerbeta-caryophyllened-limoneneterpenesdrug discoveryapoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Ololade S. Gbadebo Elizabeth D. Oke Felix A. Ajibuwa Anticancer properties of beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene terpenes: A review Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine anticancer beta-caryophyllene d-limonene terpenes drug discovery apoptosis |
| title | Anticancer properties of beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene terpenes: A review |
| title_full | Anticancer properties of beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene terpenes: A review |
| title_fullStr | Anticancer properties of beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene terpenes: A review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anticancer properties of beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene terpenes: A review |
| title_short | Anticancer properties of beta-caryophyllene and d-limonene terpenes: A review |
| title_sort | anticancer properties of beta caryophyllene and d limonene terpenes a review |
| topic | anticancer beta-caryophyllene d-limonene terpenes drug discovery apoptosis |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/apjtb.apjtb_7_25 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ololadesgbadebo anticancerpropertiesofbetacaryophylleneanddlimoneneterpenesareview AT elizabethdoke anticancerpropertiesofbetacaryophylleneanddlimoneneterpenesareview AT felixaajibuwa anticancerpropertiesofbetacaryophylleneanddlimoneneterpenesareview |