The Role of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential
Lung cancer remains a major global health problem because of its high cancer-related mortality rate despite advances in therapeutic approaches. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a major subtype of lung cancer, is more amenable to surgical intervention in its early stages. However, the prognosis fo...
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| author | Young-Shin Lee Ryuk Jun Kwon Hye Sun Lee Jae Heun Chung Yun Seong Kim Han-Sol Jeong Su-Jung Park Seung Yeon Lee Taehwa Kim Seong Hoon Yoon |
| author_facet | Young-Shin Lee Ryuk Jun Kwon Hye Sun Lee Jae Heun Chung Yun Seong Kim Han-Sol Jeong Su-Jung Park Seung Yeon Lee Taehwa Kim Seong Hoon Yoon |
| author_sort | Young-Shin Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lung cancer remains a major global health problem because of its high cancer-related mortality rate despite advances in therapeutic approaches. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a major subtype of lung cancer, is more amenable to surgical intervention in its early stages. However, the prognosis for advanced NSCLC remains poor, owing to limited treatment options. This underscores the growing need for novel therapeutic strategies to complement existing treatments and improve patient outcomes. In recent years, pentacyclic triterpenoids, a group of natural compounds, have emerged as promising candidates for cancer therapy due to their anticancer properties. Pentacyclic triterpenoids, such as lupeol, betulinic acid, betulin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, glycyrrhizin, and asiatic acid, have demonstrated the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis, induce apoptosis, suppress metastasis, and modulate inflammatory and immune pathways in NSCLC cell line models. These compounds exert their effects by modulating important signaling pathways such as NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK. Furthermore, advances in drug delivery technologies such as nanocarriers and targeted delivery systems have improved the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of triterpenoids. However, despite promising preclinical data, rigorous clinical trials are needed to verify their safety and efficacy. This review explores the role of triterpenoids in NSCLC and therapeutic potential in preclinical models, focusing on their molecular mechanisms of action. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-064cfe8c808d414689d5d794db8bc6a5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-064cfe8c808d414689d5d794db8bc6a52025-01-24T13:45:36ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232024-12-011712210.3390/pharmaceutics17010022The Role of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic PotentialYoung-Shin Lee0Ryuk Jun Kwon1Hye Sun Lee2Jae Heun Chung3Yun Seong Kim4Han-Sol Jeong5Su-Jung Park6Seung Yeon Lee7Taehwa Kim8Seong Hoon Yoon9Family Medicine Clinic and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of KoreaFamily Medicine Clinic and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of KoreaFamily Medicine Clinic and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of KoreaDivision of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USADivision of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of KoreaSchool of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of KoreaSchool of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of KoreaSchool of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of KoreaDivision of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of KoreaDivision of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of KoreaLung cancer remains a major global health problem because of its high cancer-related mortality rate despite advances in therapeutic approaches. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a major subtype of lung cancer, is more amenable to surgical intervention in its early stages. However, the prognosis for advanced NSCLC remains poor, owing to limited treatment options. This underscores the growing need for novel therapeutic strategies to complement existing treatments and improve patient outcomes. In recent years, pentacyclic triterpenoids, a group of natural compounds, have emerged as promising candidates for cancer therapy due to their anticancer properties. Pentacyclic triterpenoids, such as lupeol, betulinic acid, betulin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, glycyrrhizin, and asiatic acid, have demonstrated the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis, induce apoptosis, suppress metastasis, and modulate inflammatory and immune pathways in NSCLC cell line models. These compounds exert their effects by modulating important signaling pathways such as NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK. Furthermore, advances in drug delivery technologies such as nanocarriers and targeted delivery systems have improved the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of triterpenoids. However, despite promising preclinical data, rigorous clinical trials are needed to verify their safety and efficacy. This review explores the role of triterpenoids in NSCLC and therapeutic potential in preclinical models, focusing on their molecular mechanisms of action.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/1/22non-small cell lung cancerpentacyclic triterpenoidsanticancer activitychemoresistancemolecular mechanisms |
| spellingShingle | Young-Shin Lee Ryuk Jun Kwon Hye Sun Lee Jae Heun Chung Yun Seong Kim Han-Sol Jeong Su-Jung Park Seung Yeon Lee Taehwa Kim Seong Hoon Yoon The Role of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential Pharmaceutics non-small cell lung cancer pentacyclic triterpenoids anticancer activity chemoresistance molecular mechanisms |
| title | The Role of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential |
| title_full | The Role of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential |
| title_short | The Role of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential |
| title_sort | role of pentacyclic triterpenoids in non small cell lung cancer the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential |
| topic | non-small cell lung cancer pentacyclic triterpenoids anticancer activity chemoresistance molecular mechanisms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/1/22 |
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