White Oaks Genetic and Chemical Diversity Affect the Community Structure of Canopy Insects Belonging to Two Trophic Levels
The hybridization phenomenon increases genetic diversity and modifies recombinant individuals’ secondary metabolite (SMs) content, affecting the canopy-dependent community. Hybridization events occur when <i>Quercus rugosa</i> and <i>Q. glabrescens</i> oaks converge in sympat...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Elgar Castillo-Mendoza Leticia Valencia-Cuevas Patricia Mussali-Galante Fernando Ramos-Quintana Alejandro Zamilpa Miriam Serrano-Muñoz Juli Pujade-Villar Efraín Tovar-Sánchez |
| author_facet | Elgar Castillo-Mendoza Leticia Valencia-Cuevas Patricia Mussali-Galante Fernando Ramos-Quintana Alejandro Zamilpa Miriam Serrano-Muñoz Juli Pujade-Villar Efraín Tovar-Sánchez |
| author_sort | Elgar Castillo-Mendoza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The hybridization phenomenon increases genetic diversity and modifies recombinant individuals’ secondary metabolite (SMs) content, affecting the canopy-dependent community. Hybridization events occur when <i>Quercus rugosa</i> and <i>Q. glabrescens</i> oaks converge in sympatry. Here, we analyzed the effect of the genetic diversity (<i>He</i>) and SMs of <i>Q. rugosa</i>, <i>Q. glabrescens</i> and hybrids on the community of gall-inducing wasps (Cynipidae) and their parasitoids on 100 oak canopy trees in two allopatric and two hybrid zones. Eighteen gall wasp species belonging to six genera and six parasitoid genera contained in four families were identified. The most representative parasitoid genera belonged to the Chalcidoidea family. Abundance, infestation levels and richness of gall wasps and their parasitoids registered the next pattern: <i>Q. rugosa</i> higher than the hybrids, and the hybrids equal to <i>Q. glabrescens.</i> Oak host genetic diversity was the variable with the highest influence on the quantitative SMs expression, richness and abundance of gall wasps and their parasitoids. The influence of SMs on gall wasps and their parasitoids showed the next pattern: scopoletin > quercitrin > rutin = caffeic acid = quercetin glucoside. Our findings indicate that genetic diversity may be a key factor influencing the dynamics of tri-trophic interactions that involve oaks. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-0624d38ff0c54ba1b0311f456f8fb9dd2025-01-24T13:29:32ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182025-01-011716210.3390/d17010062White Oaks Genetic and Chemical Diversity Affect the Community Structure of Canopy Insects Belonging to Two Trophic LevelsElgar Castillo-Mendoza0Leticia Valencia-Cuevas1Patricia Mussali-Galante2Fernando Ramos-Quintana3Alejandro Zamilpa4Miriam Serrano-Muñoz5Juli Pujade-Villar6Efraín Tovar-Sánchez7Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, MexicoEscuela de Estudios Superiores del Jicarero, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Carretera Galeana-Tequesquitengo s/n, Comunidad El Jicarero, Jojutla 62915, Morelos, MexicoLaboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, MexicoCentro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS-IMSS), Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, MexicoLaboratorio de Sanidad Forestal de PROBOSQUE, Rancho Guadalupe S/N, Conjunto SEDAGRO, Metepec 52140, Estado de México, MexicoDepartament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (Secció invertebrats), Facultat de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Cataluña, SpainCentro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, MexicoThe hybridization phenomenon increases genetic diversity and modifies recombinant individuals’ secondary metabolite (SMs) content, affecting the canopy-dependent community. Hybridization events occur when <i>Quercus rugosa</i> and <i>Q. glabrescens</i> oaks converge in sympatry. Here, we analyzed the effect of the genetic diversity (<i>He</i>) and SMs of <i>Q. rugosa</i>, <i>Q. glabrescens</i> and hybrids on the community of gall-inducing wasps (Cynipidae) and their parasitoids on 100 oak canopy trees in two allopatric and two hybrid zones. Eighteen gall wasp species belonging to six genera and six parasitoid genera contained in four families were identified. The most representative parasitoid genera belonged to the Chalcidoidea family. Abundance, infestation levels and richness of gall wasps and their parasitoids registered the next pattern: <i>Q. rugosa</i> higher than the hybrids, and the hybrids equal to <i>Q. glabrescens.</i> Oak host genetic diversity was the variable with the highest influence on the quantitative SMs expression, richness and abundance of gall wasps and their parasitoids. The influence of SMs on gall wasps and their parasitoids showed the next pattern: scopoletin > quercitrin > rutin = caffeic acid = quercetin glucoside. Our findings indicate that genetic diversity may be a key factor influencing the dynamics of tri-trophic interactions that involve oaks.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/1/62secondary metaboliteshybridizationwhite oakstri-trophic interactions |
| spellingShingle | Elgar Castillo-Mendoza Leticia Valencia-Cuevas Patricia Mussali-Galante Fernando Ramos-Quintana Alejandro Zamilpa Miriam Serrano-Muñoz Juli Pujade-Villar Efraín Tovar-Sánchez White Oaks Genetic and Chemical Diversity Affect the Community Structure of Canopy Insects Belonging to Two Trophic Levels Diversity secondary metabolites hybridization white oaks tri-trophic interactions |
| title | White Oaks Genetic and Chemical Diversity Affect the Community Structure of Canopy Insects Belonging to Two Trophic Levels |
| title_full | White Oaks Genetic and Chemical Diversity Affect the Community Structure of Canopy Insects Belonging to Two Trophic Levels |
| title_fullStr | White Oaks Genetic and Chemical Diversity Affect the Community Structure of Canopy Insects Belonging to Two Trophic Levels |
| title_full_unstemmed | White Oaks Genetic and Chemical Diversity Affect the Community Structure of Canopy Insects Belonging to Two Trophic Levels |
| title_short | White Oaks Genetic and Chemical Diversity Affect the Community Structure of Canopy Insects Belonging to Two Trophic Levels |
| title_sort | white oaks genetic and chemical diversity affect the community structure of canopy insects belonging to two trophic levels |
| topic | secondary metabolites hybridization white oaks tri-trophic interactions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/1/62 |
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