Nonlocal electro-optic metasurfaces for free-space light modulation

Dynamic optical metasurfaces with ultrafast temporal response, i.e., spatiotemporal optical metasurfaces, provide attractive solutions and open fascinating perspectives for modern highly integrated optics and photonics. In this work, electro-optically controlled optical metasurfaces operating in ref...

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Main Authors: Damgaard-Carstensen Christopher, Bozhevolnyi Sergey I.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2023-04-01
Series:Nanophotonics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0042
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author Damgaard-Carstensen Christopher
Bozhevolnyi Sergey I.
author_facet Damgaard-Carstensen Christopher
Bozhevolnyi Sergey I.
author_sort Damgaard-Carstensen Christopher
collection DOAJ
description Dynamic optical metasurfaces with ultrafast temporal response, i.e., spatiotemporal optical metasurfaces, provide attractive solutions and open fascinating perspectives for modern highly integrated optics and photonics. In this work, electro-optically controlled optical metasurfaces operating in reflection and utilizing resonant waveguide mode excitation are demonstrated from the viewpoint of free-space propagating light modulation. The modulation of reflected light power with superior characteristics in comparison with prior research is achieved by identifying a suitable low-loss waveguide mode and exploiting its resonant excitation. The electro-optic Pockels effect in a 300 nm-thick lithium niobate (LN) film sandwiched between a continuous thick gold film and an array of gold nanostripes, serving also as control electrodes, is exploited to realize fast and efficient light modulation. The fabricated compact (active area <1000 µm2) modulators operate in the wavelength range of 850–950 nm, featuring a maximum intensity modulation depth of 42 % at the driving voltage of ±10 V within the bandwidth of 13.5 MHz (with the potential bandwidth of 6.5 GHz). The introduced nonlocal electro-optic metasurface configuration opens new avenues towards the realization of ultrafast, efficient, and robust free-space light modulators based on an LN flat optics approach.
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spelling doaj-art-05b5ff41e3ad48a78486b5112ded61b32025-08-20T01:53:26ZengDe GruyterNanophotonics2192-86062192-86142023-04-0112142953296210.1515/nanoph-2023-0042Nonlocal electro-optic metasurfaces for free-space light modulationDamgaard-Carstensen Christopher0Bozhevolnyi Sergey I.1Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230Odense M, DenmarkCentre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230Odense M, DenmarkDynamic optical metasurfaces with ultrafast temporal response, i.e., spatiotemporal optical metasurfaces, provide attractive solutions and open fascinating perspectives for modern highly integrated optics and photonics. In this work, electro-optically controlled optical metasurfaces operating in reflection and utilizing resonant waveguide mode excitation are demonstrated from the viewpoint of free-space propagating light modulation. The modulation of reflected light power with superior characteristics in comparison with prior research is achieved by identifying a suitable low-loss waveguide mode and exploiting its resonant excitation. The electro-optic Pockels effect in a 300 nm-thick lithium niobate (LN) film sandwiched between a continuous thick gold film and an array of gold nanostripes, serving also as control electrodes, is exploited to realize fast and efficient light modulation. The fabricated compact (active area <1000 µm2) modulators operate in the wavelength range of 850–950 nm, featuring a maximum intensity modulation depth of 42 % at the driving voltage of ±10 V within the bandwidth of 13.5 MHz (with the potential bandwidth of 6.5 GHz). The introduced nonlocal electro-optic metasurface configuration opens new avenues towards the realization of ultrafast, efficient, and robust free-space light modulators based on an LN flat optics approach.https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0042dynamicelectro-optic effectslight modulationlithium niobatemetasurfacesnonlocalpockels effect
spellingShingle Damgaard-Carstensen Christopher
Bozhevolnyi Sergey I.
Nonlocal electro-optic metasurfaces for free-space light modulation
Nanophotonics
dynamic
electro-optic effects
light modulation
lithium niobate
metasurfaces
nonlocal
pockels effect
title Nonlocal electro-optic metasurfaces for free-space light modulation
title_full Nonlocal electro-optic metasurfaces for free-space light modulation
title_fullStr Nonlocal electro-optic metasurfaces for free-space light modulation
title_full_unstemmed Nonlocal electro-optic metasurfaces for free-space light modulation
title_short Nonlocal electro-optic metasurfaces for free-space light modulation
title_sort nonlocal electro optic metasurfaces for free space light modulation
topic dynamic
electro-optic effects
light modulation
lithium niobate
metasurfaces
nonlocal
pockels effect
url https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0042
work_keys_str_mv AT damgaardcarstensenchristopher nonlocalelectroopticmetasurfacesforfreespacelightmodulation
AT bozhevolnyisergeyi nonlocalelectroopticmetasurfacesforfreespacelightmodulation