Single-cell sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals immune landscape of monkeypox patients with HIV

The monkeypox (MPXV) outbreak in 2022 is more prevalent among individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). While it is plausible that HIV-induced immunosuppression could result in a more severe progression, the exact mechanisms remain undetermined. To better understand the immunopathology of...

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Main Authors: Yamin Liu, Xinhua Liu, Jingjing Wang, Ying Xie, Jing Guo, Zhiqiang Liu, Ying Li, Bei Jiang, Jingya Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Emerging Microbes and Infections
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2459136
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author Yamin Liu
Xinhua Liu
Jingjing Wang
Ying Xie
Jing Guo
Zhiqiang Liu
Ying Li
Bei Jiang
Jingya Wang
author_facet Yamin Liu
Xinhua Liu
Jingjing Wang
Ying Xie
Jing Guo
Zhiqiang Liu
Ying Li
Bei Jiang
Jingya Wang
author_sort Yamin Liu
collection DOAJ
description The monkeypox (MPXV) outbreak in 2022 is more prevalent among individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). While it is plausible that HIV-induced immunosuppression could result in a more severe progression, the exact mechanisms remain undetermined. To better understand the immunopathology of MPXV in patients with and without HIV infection, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from six patients hospitalized for MPXV, three of whom had HIV infection (HIV antibody positive and HIV RNA level below the detection limit), and three patients only infected with MPXV (HIV-). We map the peripheral immune response in both the acute phase and the recovery period, showing the reconfiguration of peripheral immune cell phenotypes in acute stage compared with recovery stage, characterized by disturbed cell subsets and intense cell interactions mediated by monocytes and neutrophils. Importantly, we also found obviously dysregulated gene expression and cell subsets in HIV+ patients proposing mechanism underlying their serious condition. Our findings provide a comprehensive cell atlas of MPXV patients, shed light on the mechanisms underlying the severe disease progression and longer recovery time in HIV+ individuals.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2222-1751
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publishDate 2025-12-01
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
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series Emerging Microbes and Infections
spelling doaj-art-059bece450e940e6b631658c69927d472025-08-20T03:47:58ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512025-12-0114110.1080/22221751.2025.2459136Single-cell sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals immune landscape of monkeypox patients with HIVYamin Liu0Xinhua Liu1Jingjing Wang2Ying Xie3Jing Guo4Zhiqiang Liu5Ying Li6Bei Jiang7Jingya Wang8Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of ChinaTianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of ChinaTianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of ChinaThe monkeypox (MPXV) outbreak in 2022 is more prevalent among individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). While it is plausible that HIV-induced immunosuppression could result in a more severe progression, the exact mechanisms remain undetermined. To better understand the immunopathology of MPXV in patients with and without HIV infection, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from six patients hospitalized for MPXV, three of whom had HIV infection (HIV antibody positive and HIV RNA level below the detection limit), and three patients only infected with MPXV (HIV-). We map the peripheral immune response in both the acute phase and the recovery period, showing the reconfiguration of peripheral immune cell phenotypes in acute stage compared with recovery stage, characterized by disturbed cell subsets and intense cell interactions mediated by monocytes and neutrophils. Importantly, we also found obviously dysregulated gene expression and cell subsets in HIV+ patients proposing mechanism underlying their serious condition. Our findings provide a comprehensive cell atlas of MPXV patients, shed light on the mechanisms underlying the severe disease progression and longer recovery time in HIV+ individuals.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2459136MonkeypoxHIVsingle-cell RNA sequencingimmune responseantiviral innate immunity
spellingShingle Yamin Liu
Xinhua Liu
Jingjing Wang
Ying Xie
Jing Guo
Zhiqiang Liu
Ying Li
Bei Jiang
Jingya Wang
Single-cell sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals immune landscape of monkeypox patients with HIV
Emerging Microbes and Infections
Monkeypox
HIV
single-cell RNA sequencing
immune response
antiviral innate immunity
title Single-cell sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals immune landscape of monkeypox patients with HIV
title_full Single-cell sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals immune landscape of monkeypox patients with HIV
title_fullStr Single-cell sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals immune landscape of monkeypox patients with HIV
title_full_unstemmed Single-cell sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals immune landscape of monkeypox patients with HIV
title_short Single-cell sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals immune landscape of monkeypox patients with HIV
title_sort single cell sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals immune landscape of monkeypox patients with hiv
topic Monkeypox
HIV
single-cell RNA sequencing
immune response
antiviral innate immunity
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2459136
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