Monoclonal antibody therapy demonstrates increased virulence of a lineage VII strain of Lassa virus in nonhuman primates

Lassa virus (LASV) is a World Health Organization (WHO) priority pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality. Recently, we showed that a combination of three broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies known as Arevirumab-3 (8.9F, 12.1F, 37.2D) based on the lineage IV Josiah strain protec...

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Main Authors: Courtney Woolsey, Robert W. Cross, Abhishek N. Prasad, Krystle N. Agans, Viktoriya Borisevich, Daniel J. Deer, Natalie S. Dobias, Alyssa C. Fears, Mack B. Harrison, Megan L. Heinrich, Karla A. Fenton, Robert F. Garry, Luis M. Branco, Thomas W. Geisbert
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Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Emerging Microbes and Infections
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2301061
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author Courtney Woolsey
Robert W. Cross
Abhishek N. Prasad
Krystle N. Agans
Viktoriya Borisevich
Daniel J. Deer
Natalie S. Dobias
Alyssa C. Fears
Mack B. Harrison
Megan L. Heinrich
Karla A. Fenton
Robert F. Garry
Luis M. Branco
Thomas W. Geisbert
author_facet Courtney Woolsey
Robert W. Cross
Abhishek N. Prasad
Krystle N. Agans
Viktoriya Borisevich
Daniel J. Deer
Natalie S. Dobias
Alyssa C. Fears
Mack B. Harrison
Megan L. Heinrich
Karla A. Fenton
Robert F. Garry
Luis M. Branco
Thomas W. Geisbert
author_sort Courtney Woolsey
collection DOAJ
description Lassa virus (LASV) is a World Health Organization (WHO) priority pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality. Recently, we showed that a combination of three broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies known as Arevirumab-3 (8.9F, 12.1F, 37.2D) based on the lineage IV Josiah strain protected 100% of cynomolgus macaques against heterologous challenge with lineage II and III strains of LASV when therapy was initiated beginning at day 8 after challenge. LASV strains from Benin and Togo represent a new lineage VII that are more genetically diverse from lineage IV than strains from lineages II and III. Here, we tested the ability of Arevirumab-3 to protect macaques against a LASV lineage VII Togo isolate when treatment was administered beginning 8 days after exposure. Unexpectedly, only 40% of treated animals survived challenge. In a subsequent study we showed that Arevirumab-3 protected 100% of macaques from lethal challenge when treatment was initiated 7 days after LASV Togo exposure. Based on our transcriptomics data, successful Arevirumab-3 treatment correlated with diminished neutrophil signatures and the predicted development of T cell responses. As the in vitro antiviral activity of Arevirumab-3 against LASV Togo was equivalent to lineage II and III strains, the reduced protection in macaques against Togo likely reflects the faster disease course of LASV Togo in macaques than other strains. This data causes concern regarding the ability of heterologous vaccines and treatments to provide cross protection against lineage VII LASV isolates.
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spelling doaj-art-055f26a5860147ff8cc66a9db9b3c6b42025-08-20T02:20:37ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512024-12-0113110.1080/22221751.2023.2301061Monoclonal antibody therapy demonstrates increased virulence of a lineage VII strain of Lassa virus in nonhuman primatesCourtney Woolsey0Robert W. Cross1Abhishek N. Prasad2Krystle N. Agans3Viktoriya Borisevich4Daniel J. Deer5Natalie S. Dobias6Alyssa C. Fears7Mack B. Harrison8Megan L. Heinrich9Karla A. Fenton10Robert F. Garry11Luis M. Branco12Thomas W. Geisbert13Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USAGalveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USAGalveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USAGalveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USAGalveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USAGalveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USAGalveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USAGalveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USAGalveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USAZalgen Labs, LLC, Frederick, MD, USAGalveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USAZalgen Labs, LLC, Frederick, MD, USAZalgen Labs, LLC, Frederick, MD, USAGalveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USALassa virus (LASV) is a World Health Organization (WHO) priority pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality. Recently, we showed that a combination of three broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies known as Arevirumab-3 (8.9F, 12.1F, 37.2D) based on the lineage IV Josiah strain protected 100% of cynomolgus macaques against heterologous challenge with lineage II and III strains of LASV when therapy was initiated beginning at day 8 after challenge. LASV strains from Benin and Togo represent a new lineage VII that are more genetically diverse from lineage IV than strains from lineages II and III. Here, we tested the ability of Arevirumab-3 to protect macaques against a LASV lineage VII Togo isolate when treatment was administered beginning 8 days after exposure. Unexpectedly, only 40% of treated animals survived challenge. In a subsequent study we showed that Arevirumab-3 protected 100% of macaques from lethal challenge when treatment was initiated 7 days after LASV Togo exposure. Based on our transcriptomics data, successful Arevirumab-3 treatment correlated with diminished neutrophil signatures and the predicted development of T cell responses. As the in vitro antiviral activity of Arevirumab-3 against LASV Togo was equivalent to lineage II and III strains, the reduced protection in macaques against Togo likely reflects the faster disease course of LASV Togo in macaques than other strains. This data causes concern regarding the ability of heterologous vaccines and treatments to provide cross protection against lineage VII LASV isolates.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2301061Lassa virusarenavirusmonoclonal antibodieshaemorrhagic fevernonhuman primates
spellingShingle Courtney Woolsey
Robert W. Cross
Abhishek N. Prasad
Krystle N. Agans
Viktoriya Borisevich
Daniel J. Deer
Natalie S. Dobias
Alyssa C. Fears
Mack B. Harrison
Megan L. Heinrich
Karla A. Fenton
Robert F. Garry
Luis M. Branco
Thomas W. Geisbert
Monoclonal antibody therapy demonstrates increased virulence of a lineage VII strain of Lassa virus in nonhuman primates
Emerging Microbes and Infections
Lassa virus
arenavirus
monoclonal antibodies
haemorrhagic fever
nonhuman primates
title Monoclonal antibody therapy demonstrates increased virulence of a lineage VII strain of Lassa virus in nonhuman primates
title_full Monoclonal antibody therapy demonstrates increased virulence of a lineage VII strain of Lassa virus in nonhuman primates
title_fullStr Monoclonal antibody therapy demonstrates increased virulence of a lineage VII strain of Lassa virus in nonhuman primates
title_full_unstemmed Monoclonal antibody therapy demonstrates increased virulence of a lineage VII strain of Lassa virus in nonhuman primates
title_short Monoclonal antibody therapy demonstrates increased virulence of a lineage VII strain of Lassa virus in nonhuman primates
title_sort monoclonal antibody therapy demonstrates increased virulence of a lineage vii strain of lassa virus in nonhuman primates
topic Lassa virus
arenavirus
monoclonal antibodies
haemorrhagic fever
nonhuman primates
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2301061
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