Vertical transmission of Dengue virus type-3 and metagenomic virome profiles of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in Kisumu, Kenya.

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of several arboviruses including chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika. Beyond arboviruses, Aedes aegypti harbours insect-specific viruses (ISVs), which can modulate mosquito's ability to transmit diseases by interfering with viral processes and triggering...

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Main Authors: Tabitha Wanjiru, Wallace Bulimo, Solomon Langat, Johnson Kinyua, Nicholas Odemba, Santos Yalwala, David Oullo, Richard Ochieng, Francis Ngere, Gladys Kerich, Janet Ambale, Eunice Achieng, David Abuom, Timothy Egbo, Jaree Johnson, Elly Ojwang, John Eads, Eric Garges, Fredrick Eyase
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315492
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author Tabitha Wanjiru
Wallace Bulimo
Solomon Langat
Johnson Kinyua
Nicholas Odemba
Santos Yalwala
David Oullo
Richard Ochieng
Francis Ngere
Gladys Kerich
Janet Ambale
Eunice Achieng
David Abuom
Timothy Egbo
Jaree Johnson
Elly Ojwang
John Eads
Eric Garges
Fredrick Eyase
author_facet Tabitha Wanjiru
Wallace Bulimo
Solomon Langat
Johnson Kinyua
Nicholas Odemba
Santos Yalwala
David Oullo
Richard Ochieng
Francis Ngere
Gladys Kerich
Janet Ambale
Eunice Achieng
David Abuom
Timothy Egbo
Jaree Johnson
Elly Ojwang
John Eads
Eric Garges
Fredrick Eyase
author_sort Tabitha Wanjiru
collection DOAJ
description Aedes aegypti is the main vector of several arboviruses including chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika. Beyond arboviruses, Aedes aegypti harbours insect-specific viruses (ISVs), which can modulate mosquito's ability to transmit diseases by interfering with viral processes and triggering immune responses. Both arboviruses and ISVs can be transmitted vertically, where viruses are passed from parent to offspring. The lack of systematic molecular and entomological surveillance, has left the diversity of viruses in local Aedes aegypti populations largely unexplored. This study aimed to characterize the viromes of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Kisumu, Kenya, focusing on viral diversity. Immature larvae and pupae were collected from Jua Kali area in Kisumu, reared into adults, and subjected to viral isolation by cell culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing. RNA extraction, library preparation, and Illumina MiSeq sequencing were performed on CPE positive pools and metagenomic superpools. Initial data analysis was conducted using the CZ-ID platform, with quality control applied using PrinseqLite v0.20.4 to filter low-quality reads and remove adapters. De novo sequence assembly was performed with MEGAHIT v1.2.9, followed by BLAST analysis. Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using the Maximum Likelihood method. A total of 2,142 female Aedes aegypti, grouped into 86 pools and 4 superpools, were analyzed using cell culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing respectively. Dengue virus type-3 was detected in one of the 86 pool. Additionally, a variety of ISVs were identified, including Iflaviruses related to Tesano Aedes Iflavirus (TeAV), Armigeres Iflavirus, and Negeviruses related to Rabai Virus. An unclassified virus closely related to Korle-Bu Aedes virus was also detected. Our study provides insights into the viral diversity within Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Kisumu and evidence of natural vertical transmission, specifically transovarial transmission of dengue virus type-3. Ongoing research is imperative to unravel vertical transmission mechanisms and subtleties governing ISV-arbovirus interactions across diverse environmental settings.
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spelling doaj-art-051e309595c8443394de5fae34cbad3c2025-08-20T03:28:54ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01207e031549210.1371/journal.pone.0315492Vertical transmission of Dengue virus type-3 and metagenomic virome profiles of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in Kisumu, Kenya.Tabitha WanjiruWallace BulimoSolomon LangatJohnson KinyuaNicholas OdembaSantos YalwalaDavid OulloRichard OchiengFrancis NgereGladys KerichJanet AmbaleEunice AchiengDavid AbuomTimothy EgboJaree JohnsonElly OjwangJohn EadsEric GargesFredrick EyaseAedes aegypti is the main vector of several arboviruses including chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika. Beyond arboviruses, Aedes aegypti harbours insect-specific viruses (ISVs), which can modulate mosquito's ability to transmit diseases by interfering with viral processes and triggering immune responses. Both arboviruses and ISVs can be transmitted vertically, where viruses are passed from parent to offspring. The lack of systematic molecular and entomological surveillance, has left the diversity of viruses in local Aedes aegypti populations largely unexplored. This study aimed to characterize the viromes of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Kisumu, Kenya, focusing on viral diversity. Immature larvae and pupae were collected from Jua Kali area in Kisumu, reared into adults, and subjected to viral isolation by cell culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing. RNA extraction, library preparation, and Illumina MiSeq sequencing were performed on CPE positive pools and metagenomic superpools. Initial data analysis was conducted using the CZ-ID platform, with quality control applied using PrinseqLite v0.20.4 to filter low-quality reads and remove adapters. De novo sequence assembly was performed with MEGAHIT v1.2.9, followed by BLAST analysis. Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using the Maximum Likelihood method. A total of 2,142 female Aedes aegypti, grouped into 86 pools and 4 superpools, were analyzed using cell culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing respectively. Dengue virus type-3 was detected in one of the 86 pool. Additionally, a variety of ISVs were identified, including Iflaviruses related to Tesano Aedes Iflavirus (TeAV), Armigeres Iflavirus, and Negeviruses related to Rabai Virus. An unclassified virus closely related to Korle-Bu Aedes virus was also detected. Our study provides insights into the viral diversity within Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Kisumu and evidence of natural vertical transmission, specifically transovarial transmission of dengue virus type-3. Ongoing research is imperative to unravel vertical transmission mechanisms and subtleties governing ISV-arbovirus interactions across diverse environmental settings.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315492
spellingShingle Tabitha Wanjiru
Wallace Bulimo
Solomon Langat
Johnson Kinyua
Nicholas Odemba
Santos Yalwala
David Oullo
Richard Ochieng
Francis Ngere
Gladys Kerich
Janet Ambale
Eunice Achieng
David Abuom
Timothy Egbo
Jaree Johnson
Elly Ojwang
John Eads
Eric Garges
Fredrick Eyase
Vertical transmission of Dengue virus type-3 and metagenomic virome profiles of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in Kisumu, Kenya.
PLoS ONE
title Vertical transmission of Dengue virus type-3 and metagenomic virome profiles of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in Kisumu, Kenya.
title_full Vertical transmission of Dengue virus type-3 and metagenomic virome profiles of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in Kisumu, Kenya.
title_fullStr Vertical transmission of Dengue virus type-3 and metagenomic virome profiles of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in Kisumu, Kenya.
title_full_unstemmed Vertical transmission of Dengue virus type-3 and metagenomic virome profiles of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in Kisumu, Kenya.
title_short Vertical transmission of Dengue virus type-3 and metagenomic virome profiles of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in Kisumu, Kenya.
title_sort vertical transmission of dengue virus type 3 and metagenomic virome profiles of aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in kisumu kenya
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315492
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