Impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and relaxation on pediatric respiratory virus hospitalizations in Southwest China: a retrospective study
BackgroundResearch from multiple regions indicates that Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses.MethodsThis single-center retrospective study included children hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) f...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2024.1542963/full |
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| author | Ting Gong Fengqi He Yongle Zhao Shuya Lu Daiyin Tian Daiyin Tian |
| author_facet | Ting Gong Fengqi He Yongle Zhao Shuya Lu Daiyin Tian Daiyin Tian |
| author_sort | Ting Gong |
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| description | BackgroundResearch from multiple regions indicates that Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses.MethodsThis single-center retrospective study included children hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) from 2017 to mid-2024. Data on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), influenza A virus (IAV), influenza B virus (IBV), and parainfluenza virus (PIV)—were collected and analyzed across pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods.ResultsA total of 59173 children were included. Detection rates were 34.97% (8553/24459) pre-pandemic, 21.93% (4621/21067) during the pandemic, and 21.64% (2953/13647) post-pandemic. Mixed infections rates significantly decreased during the pandemic (0.78%) and post-pandemic (0.78%) compared to pre-pandemic levels (1.63%) (P < 0.001). RSV was the most prevalent virus across all periods (P < 0.001). Following non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in 2020, detection rates declined significantly. After restrictions eased in 2021, RSV, PIV, and IBV surged, while IAV continued to decline until its resurgence in spring 2023 (P < 0.001). Certain viruses showed altered seasonal patterns: during the spring and summer of 2021, RSV detection rates exceeded those of previous years, while the expected winter 2022 peak was delayed by approximately six months. IAV peaks disappeared during winters of 2020 and 2021, peaking in spring 2023. IBV peaked in autumn 2021 and winter 2023. PIV had an unusual rise in summer 2020, peaking in autumn, delayed by about five months. The peak in the first half of 2024 returned to its normal timing. ADV appeared to be unaffected, with increased detection in 2022, and decreased in 2023 and 2024.ConclusionEpidemiological patterns of respiratory viruses have been altered by multiple influencing factors. The significance of vaccination, hygiene practices, public health interventions and etc. was emphasized in addressing pandemics. Additionally, ongoing dynamic monitoring is essential due to the evolving epidemiology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-04dc4ff2d725462789e3fcc1c32c1080 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-04dc4ff2d725462789e3fcc1c32c10802025-01-24T17:40:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Virology2673-818X2025-01-01410.3389/fviro.2024.15429631542963Impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and relaxation on pediatric respiratory virus hospitalizations in Southwest China: a retrospective studyTing Gong0Fengqi He1Yongle Zhao2Shuya Lu3Daiyin Tian4Daiyin Tian5Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, ChinaSchool of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Yibin Hospital Affiliated to Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yibin, ChinaBackgroundResearch from multiple regions indicates that Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses.MethodsThis single-center retrospective study included children hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) from 2017 to mid-2024. Data on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), influenza A virus (IAV), influenza B virus (IBV), and parainfluenza virus (PIV)—were collected and analyzed across pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods.ResultsA total of 59173 children were included. Detection rates were 34.97% (8553/24459) pre-pandemic, 21.93% (4621/21067) during the pandemic, and 21.64% (2953/13647) post-pandemic. Mixed infections rates significantly decreased during the pandemic (0.78%) and post-pandemic (0.78%) compared to pre-pandemic levels (1.63%) (P < 0.001). RSV was the most prevalent virus across all periods (P < 0.001). Following non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in 2020, detection rates declined significantly. After restrictions eased in 2021, RSV, PIV, and IBV surged, while IAV continued to decline until its resurgence in spring 2023 (P < 0.001). Certain viruses showed altered seasonal patterns: during the spring and summer of 2021, RSV detection rates exceeded those of previous years, while the expected winter 2022 peak was delayed by approximately six months. IAV peaks disappeared during winters of 2020 and 2021, peaking in spring 2023. IBV peaked in autumn 2021 and winter 2023. PIV had an unusual rise in summer 2020, peaking in autumn, delayed by about five months. The peak in the first half of 2024 returned to its normal timing. ADV appeared to be unaffected, with increased detection in 2022, and decreased in 2023 and 2024.ConclusionEpidemiological patterns of respiratory viruses have been altered by multiple influencing factors. The significance of vaccination, hygiene practices, public health interventions and etc. was emphasized in addressing pandemics. Additionally, ongoing dynamic monitoring is essential due to the evolving epidemiology.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2024.1542963/fullCOVID-19non-pharmaceutical interventionsrespiratory virusepidemiologypediatricsrespiratory syncytial virus |
| spellingShingle | Ting Gong Fengqi He Yongle Zhao Shuya Lu Daiyin Tian Daiyin Tian Impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and relaxation on pediatric respiratory virus hospitalizations in Southwest China: a retrospective study Frontiers in Virology COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions respiratory virus epidemiology pediatrics respiratory syncytial virus |
| title | Impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and relaxation on pediatric respiratory virus hospitalizations in Southwest China: a retrospective study |
| title_full | Impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and relaxation on pediatric respiratory virus hospitalizations in Southwest China: a retrospective study |
| title_fullStr | Impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and relaxation on pediatric respiratory virus hospitalizations in Southwest China: a retrospective study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and relaxation on pediatric respiratory virus hospitalizations in Southwest China: a retrospective study |
| title_short | Impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and relaxation on pediatric respiratory virus hospitalizations in Southwest China: a retrospective study |
| title_sort | impact of covid 19 pandemic restrictions and relaxation on pediatric respiratory virus hospitalizations in southwest china a retrospective study |
| topic | COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions respiratory virus epidemiology pediatrics respiratory syncytial virus |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2024.1542963/full |
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