Alarming rise in prevalence of obesity among children with essential hypertension: Reflection of larger global epidemiological change of adolescent nutritional status
Background: Young-onset hypertension is emerging as a substantial public health issue globally, especially in children and adolescents. The rising incidence of essential hypertension in pediatric populations is chiefly attributable to changes in lifestyle and obesity. Aim: This study assesses the cl...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213398425000375 |
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| author | Vishwak Gundeti Shrikiran Aroor Koushik H Leslie E. Lewis Suneel C. Mundkur Ramesh Bhat Y Pushpa Kini |
| author_facet | Vishwak Gundeti Shrikiran Aroor Koushik H Leslie E. Lewis Suneel C. Mundkur Ramesh Bhat Y Pushpa Kini |
| author_sort | Vishwak Gundeti |
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| description | Background: Young-onset hypertension is emerging as a substantial public health issue globally, especially in children and adolescents. The rising incidence of essential hypertension in pediatric populations is chiefly attributable to changes in lifestyle and obesity. Aim: This study assesses the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and causes of hypertension in children aged 1 month to 18 years with a focus on essential hypertension and obesity. Methods: A prospective observational study was undertaken at the Department of Paediatrics of a tertiary care medical college in Southern India from October 2022 to July 2024. The research encompassed 116 children aged 1 month to 18 years admitted with hypertension, diagnosed as per 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines. Data encompassing demographic information, familial history - risk factors for hypertension, anthropometric parameters, and clinical characteristics were gathered. Details of diagnostic evaluations conducted, comprising blood tests, imaging studies, and hormonal analyses were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of hypertension among the admitted children during the study period was found to be 1.6 %. Renal parenchymal disorders accounted for the major cause of hypertension (68.9 %), followed by essential hypertension (15.5 %). In children with essential hypertension, obesity/overweight was the most common risk factor, observed in 72.2 % of patients, followed by family history of hypertension (44.4 %). Hypertensive urgency and emergency were seen in 14 (13.3 %) and 6 (5.7 %) patients. Conclusion: There has been a substantial increase in the proportion of essential hypertension among children and a significant rise in the incidence of overweight/obesity among children with essential hypertension. Timely screening, lifestyle alterations, and effective care are essential for reducing long-term problems related to paediatric hypertension. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0480cd72cc1c497da69ddabcc313e42f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2213-3984 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-0480cd72cc1c497da69ddabcc313e42f2025-02-02T05:27:09ZengElsevierClinical Epidemiology and Global Health2213-39842025-03-0132101948Alarming rise in prevalence of obesity among children with essential hypertension: Reflection of larger global epidemiological change of adolescent nutritional statusVishwak Gundeti0Shrikiran Aroor1Koushik H2Leslie E. Lewis3Suneel C. Mundkur4Ramesh Bhat Y5Pushpa Kini6Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, India, 576104Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, India, 576104Corresponding author.; Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, India, 576104Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, India, 576104Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, India, 576104Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, India, 576104Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, India, 576104Background: Young-onset hypertension is emerging as a substantial public health issue globally, especially in children and adolescents. The rising incidence of essential hypertension in pediatric populations is chiefly attributable to changes in lifestyle and obesity. Aim: This study assesses the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and causes of hypertension in children aged 1 month to 18 years with a focus on essential hypertension and obesity. Methods: A prospective observational study was undertaken at the Department of Paediatrics of a tertiary care medical college in Southern India from October 2022 to July 2024. The research encompassed 116 children aged 1 month to 18 years admitted with hypertension, diagnosed as per 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines. Data encompassing demographic information, familial history - risk factors for hypertension, anthropometric parameters, and clinical characteristics were gathered. Details of diagnostic evaluations conducted, comprising blood tests, imaging studies, and hormonal analyses were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of hypertension among the admitted children during the study period was found to be 1.6 %. Renal parenchymal disorders accounted for the major cause of hypertension (68.9 %), followed by essential hypertension (15.5 %). In children with essential hypertension, obesity/overweight was the most common risk factor, observed in 72.2 % of patients, followed by family history of hypertension (44.4 %). Hypertensive urgency and emergency were seen in 14 (13.3 %) and 6 (5.7 %) patients. Conclusion: There has been a substantial increase in the proportion of essential hypertension among children and a significant rise in the incidence of overweight/obesity among children with essential hypertension. Timely screening, lifestyle alterations, and effective care are essential for reducing long-term problems related to paediatric hypertension.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213398425000375ChildHypertensionPaediatric obesityOverweightEssential hypertension |
| spellingShingle | Vishwak Gundeti Shrikiran Aroor Koushik H Leslie E. Lewis Suneel C. Mundkur Ramesh Bhat Y Pushpa Kini Alarming rise in prevalence of obesity among children with essential hypertension: Reflection of larger global epidemiological change of adolescent nutritional status Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health Child Hypertension Paediatric obesity Overweight Essential hypertension |
| title | Alarming rise in prevalence of obesity among children with essential hypertension: Reflection of larger global epidemiological change of adolescent nutritional status |
| title_full | Alarming rise in prevalence of obesity among children with essential hypertension: Reflection of larger global epidemiological change of adolescent nutritional status |
| title_fullStr | Alarming rise in prevalence of obesity among children with essential hypertension: Reflection of larger global epidemiological change of adolescent nutritional status |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alarming rise in prevalence of obesity among children with essential hypertension: Reflection of larger global epidemiological change of adolescent nutritional status |
| title_short | Alarming rise in prevalence of obesity among children with essential hypertension: Reflection of larger global epidemiological change of adolescent nutritional status |
| title_sort | alarming rise in prevalence of obesity among children with essential hypertension reflection of larger global epidemiological change of adolescent nutritional status |
| topic | Child Hypertension Paediatric obesity Overweight Essential hypertension |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213398425000375 |
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