Selected Aspects in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune processes can be found in physiological circumstances. However, they are quenched with properly functioning regulatory mechanisms and do not evolve into full-blown autoimmune diseases. Once developed, autoimmune diseases are characterized by signature clinical features, accompanied by sus...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/351732 |
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| author | György Nagy Peter C. Huszthy Even Fossum Yrjö Konttinen Britt Nakken Peter Szodoray |
| author_facet | György Nagy Peter C. Huszthy Even Fossum Yrjö Konttinen Britt Nakken Peter Szodoray |
| author_sort | György Nagy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autoimmune processes can be found in physiological circumstances. However, they are quenched with properly functioning regulatory mechanisms and do not evolve into full-blown autoimmune diseases. Once developed, autoimmune diseases are characterized by signature clinical features, accompanied by sustained cellular and/or humoral immunological abnormalities. Genetic, environmental, and hormonal defects, as well as a quantitative and qualitative impairment of immunoregulatory functions, have been shown in parallel to the relative dominance of proinflammatory Th17 cells in many of these diseases. In this review we focus on the derailed balance between regulatory and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Additionally, we depict a cytokine imbalance, which gives rise to a biased T-cell homeostasis. The assessment of Th17/Treg-cell ratio and the simultaneous quantitation of cytokines, may give a useful diagnostic tool in autoimmune diseases. We also depict the multifaceted role of dendritic cells, serving as antigen presenting cells, contributing to the development of the pathognomonic cytokine signature and promote cellular and humoral autoimmune responses. Finally we describe the function and role of extracellular vesicles in particular autoimmune diseases. Targeting these key players of disease progression in patients with autoimmune diseases by immunomodulating therapy may be beneficial in future therapeutic strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-03e9412f92554a4d9d9a10714cee7dae |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-03e9412f92554a4d9d9a10714cee7dae2025-02-03T01:09:57ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612015-01-01201510.1155/2015/351732351732Selected Aspects in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune DiseasesGyörgy Nagy0Peter C. Huszthy1Even Fossum2Yrjö Konttinen3Britt Nakken4Peter Szodoray5Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1089, HungaryCentre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, NorwayK.G. Jebsen Center for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital of the Invalid Foundation, 0280 Helsinki, FinlandCentre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, NorwayCentre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, NorwayAutoimmune processes can be found in physiological circumstances. However, they are quenched with properly functioning regulatory mechanisms and do not evolve into full-blown autoimmune diseases. Once developed, autoimmune diseases are characterized by signature clinical features, accompanied by sustained cellular and/or humoral immunological abnormalities. Genetic, environmental, and hormonal defects, as well as a quantitative and qualitative impairment of immunoregulatory functions, have been shown in parallel to the relative dominance of proinflammatory Th17 cells in many of these diseases. In this review we focus on the derailed balance between regulatory and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Additionally, we depict a cytokine imbalance, which gives rise to a biased T-cell homeostasis. The assessment of Th17/Treg-cell ratio and the simultaneous quantitation of cytokines, may give a useful diagnostic tool in autoimmune diseases. We also depict the multifaceted role of dendritic cells, serving as antigen presenting cells, contributing to the development of the pathognomonic cytokine signature and promote cellular and humoral autoimmune responses. Finally we describe the function and role of extracellular vesicles in particular autoimmune diseases. Targeting these key players of disease progression in patients with autoimmune diseases by immunomodulating therapy may be beneficial in future therapeutic strategies.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/351732 |
| spellingShingle | György Nagy Peter C. Huszthy Even Fossum Yrjö Konttinen Britt Nakken Peter Szodoray Selected Aspects in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Selected Aspects in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_full | Selected Aspects in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Selected Aspects in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Selected Aspects in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_short | Selected Aspects in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_sort | selected aspects in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/351732 |
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