Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect and Bioavailability of Irradiated Silver Nanoparticle-Capped Chitosan-Coated Rosuvastatin Calcium Nanovesicles for the Treatment of Liver Cancer
Liver cancer is a prevalent form of carcinoma worldwide. A novel chitosan-coated optimized formulation capped with irradiated silver nanoparticles (INops) was fabricated to boost the anti-malignant impact of rosuvastatin calcium (RC). Using a 2<sup>3</sup>-factorial design, eight formula...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/1/72 |
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| author | Tamer Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed Mahmoud Abdelfatah Mahmoud Mohamed Omar Omiya Ali Hasan Saad M. Wali Mohamed S. El-Mofty Mohamed G. Ewees Amel E. Salem Tarek I. Abd-El-Galil Dina Mohamed Mahmoud |
| author_facet | Tamer Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed Mahmoud Abdelfatah Mahmoud Mohamed Omar Omiya Ali Hasan Saad M. Wali Mohamed S. El-Mofty Mohamed G. Ewees Amel E. Salem Tarek I. Abd-El-Galil Dina Mohamed Mahmoud |
| author_sort | Tamer Mohamed Mahmoud |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Liver cancer is a prevalent form of carcinoma worldwide. A novel chitosan-coated optimized formulation capped with irradiated silver nanoparticles (INops) was fabricated to boost the anti-malignant impact of rosuvastatin calcium (RC). Using a 2<sup>3</sup>-factorial design, eight formulations were produced using the solvent evaporation process. The formulations were characterized in vitro to identify the optimal formulation (Nop). The FTIR spectra showed that the fingerprint region is not superimposed with that of the drug; DSC thermal analysis depicted a negligible peak shift; and XRPD diffractograms revealed the disappearance of the typical drug peaks. Nop had an entrapment efficiency percent (EE%) of 86.2%, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.254, a zeta potential (ZP) of −35.3 mV, and a drug release after 12 h (Q12) of 55.6%. The chitosan-coated optimized formulation (CS.Nop) showed significant mucoadhesive strength that was 1.7-fold greater than Nop. Physical stability analysis of CS.Nop revealed negligible alterations in VS, ZP, PDI, and drug retention (DR) at 4 °C. The irradiated chitosan-coated optimized formulation capped with silver nanoparticles (INops) revealed the highest inhibition effect on carcinoma cells (97.12%) compared to the chitosan-coated optimized formulation (CS.Nop; 81.64) and chitosan-coated optimized formulation capped with silver nanoparticles (CS.Nop.AgNPs; 92.41). The bioavailability of CS-Nop was 4.95-fold greater than RC, with a residence time of about twice the free drug. CS.Nop has displayed a strong in vitro–in vivo correlation with R<sup>2</sup> 0.9887. The authors could propose that novel INop could serve as an advanced platform to improve oral bioavailability and enhance hepatic carcinoma recovery. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-02f7cf02e2fb43fda4ca893eee4f4df4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-02f7cf02e2fb43fda4ca893eee4f4df42025-01-24T13:45:49ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-01-011717210.3390/pharmaceutics17010072Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect and Bioavailability of Irradiated Silver Nanoparticle-Capped Chitosan-Coated Rosuvastatin Calcium Nanovesicles for the Treatment of Liver CancerTamer Mohamed Mahmoud0Mohamed Mahmoud Abdelfatah1Mahmoud Mohamed Omar2Omiya Ali Hasan3Saad M. Wali4Mohamed S. El-Mofty5Mohamed G. Ewees6Amel E. Salem7Tarek I. Abd-El-Galil8Dina Mohamed Mahmoud9Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan 62010, IraqDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni Suef 62764, EgyptDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Deraya University, Minia 61519, EgyptDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Deraya University, Minia 61519, EgyptPharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi ArabiaOral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptPharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62764, EgyptDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, EgyptDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, EgyptDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni Suef 62764, EgyptLiver cancer is a prevalent form of carcinoma worldwide. A novel chitosan-coated optimized formulation capped with irradiated silver nanoparticles (INops) was fabricated to boost the anti-malignant impact of rosuvastatin calcium (RC). Using a 2<sup>3</sup>-factorial design, eight formulations were produced using the solvent evaporation process. The formulations were characterized in vitro to identify the optimal formulation (Nop). The FTIR spectra showed that the fingerprint region is not superimposed with that of the drug; DSC thermal analysis depicted a negligible peak shift; and XRPD diffractograms revealed the disappearance of the typical drug peaks. Nop had an entrapment efficiency percent (EE%) of 86.2%, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.254, a zeta potential (ZP) of −35.3 mV, and a drug release after 12 h (Q12) of 55.6%. The chitosan-coated optimized formulation (CS.Nop) showed significant mucoadhesive strength that was 1.7-fold greater than Nop. Physical stability analysis of CS.Nop revealed negligible alterations in VS, ZP, PDI, and drug retention (DR) at 4 °C. The irradiated chitosan-coated optimized formulation capped with silver nanoparticles (INops) revealed the highest inhibition effect on carcinoma cells (97.12%) compared to the chitosan-coated optimized formulation (CS.Nop; 81.64) and chitosan-coated optimized formulation capped with silver nanoparticles (CS.Nop.AgNPs; 92.41). The bioavailability of CS-Nop was 4.95-fold greater than RC, with a residence time of about twice the free drug. CS.Nop has displayed a strong in vitro–in vivo correlation with R<sup>2</sup> 0.9887. The authors could propose that novel INop could serve as an advanced platform to improve oral bioavailability and enhance hepatic carcinoma recovery.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/1/72nanovesicleschitosanmucinirradiationhepatic carcinoma |
| spellingShingle | Tamer Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed Mahmoud Abdelfatah Mahmoud Mohamed Omar Omiya Ali Hasan Saad M. Wali Mohamed S. El-Mofty Mohamed G. Ewees Amel E. Salem Tarek I. Abd-El-Galil Dina Mohamed Mahmoud Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect and Bioavailability of Irradiated Silver Nanoparticle-Capped Chitosan-Coated Rosuvastatin Calcium Nanovesicles for the Treatment of Liver Cancer Pharmaceutics nanovesicles chitosan mucin irradiation hepatic carcinoma |
| title | Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect and Bioavailability of Irradiated Silver Nanoparticle-Capped Chitosan-Coated Rosuvastatin Calcium Nanovesicles for the Treatment of Liver Cancer |
| title_full | Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect and Bioavailability of Irradiated Silver Nanoparticle-Capped Chitosan-Coated Rosuvastatin Calcium Nanovesicles for the Treatment of Liver Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect and Bioavailability of Irradiated Silver Nanoparticle-Capped Chitosan-Coated Rosuvastatin Calcium Nanovesicles for the Treatment of Liver Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect and Bioavailability of Irradiated Silver Nanoparticle-Capped Chitosan-Coated Rosuvastatin Calcium Nanovesicles for the Treatment of Liver Cancer |
| title_short | Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect and Bioavailability of Irradiated Silver Nanoparticle-Capped Chitosan-Coated Rosuvastatin Calcium Nanovesicles for the Treatment of Liver Cancer |
| title_sort | enhancing the therapeutic effect and bioavailability of irradiated silver nanoparticle capped chitosan coated rosuvastatin calcium nanovesicles for the treatment of liver cancer |
| topic | nanovesicles chitosan mucin irradiation hepatic carcinoma |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/1/72 |
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