Antihypertensive medications and cancer risk: Evidence from 0.27 million patients with newly diagnosed hypertension
BackgroundWhether specific antihypertensive treatments increase cancer risk in patients with hypertension is still controversial. We aimed to estimate the associations of different antihypertensive treatments with cancer risk in real-world settings.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study was designed in...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1559604/full |
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| author | Huan Yu Huan Yu Zhike Liu Zhike Liu Yiqun Wu Yiqun Wu Liuyan Zheng Liuyan Zheng Kun Wang Kun Wang Jingxian Wu Jingxian Wu Huairong Wang Huairong Wang Kexin Ding Kexin Ding Ruotong Yang Ruotong Yang Huziwei Zhou Feng Sun Feng Sun Yonghua Hu Yonghua Hu Yonghua Hu Hongbo Lin Peng Shen Siyan Zhan Siyan Zhan Siyan Zhan Siyan Zhan |
| author_facet | Huan Yu Huan Yu Zhike Liu Zhike Liu Yiqun Wu Yiqun Wu Liuyan Zheng Liuyan Zheng Kun Wang Kun Wang Jingxian Wu Jingxian Wu Huairong Wang Huairong Wang Kexin Ding Kexin Ding Ruotong Yang Ruotong Yang Huziwei Zhou Feng Sun Feng Sun Yonghua Hu Yonghua Hu Yonghua Hu Hongbo Lin Peng Shen Siyan Zhan Siyan Zhan Siyan Zhan Siyan Zhan |
| author_sort | Huan Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundWhether specific antihypertensive treatments increase cancer risk in patients with hypertension is still controversial. We aimed to estimate the associations of different antihypertensive treatments with cancer risk in real-world settings.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study was designed in a population of 1.2 million individuals from the CHinese Electronic health Records Research in Yinzhou (CHERRY). Propensity score matching (PSM) and the Cox regression model were used to estimate the associations. Several sensitivity analyses were then performed to reduce potential residual confounding.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2019, a total of 270,320 patients with newly diagnosed hypertension were included in this study. With a median follow-up time of 7.7 years, 14,264 cases of cancer occurred. There were no significant associations of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, or thiazide diuretics (TDs) with cancer risk (p > 0.05). Compared with other antihypertensive treatments, the use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) was significantly associated with a marginally mild increase in the risk of all cancers (hazard ratio, HR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09; p = 0.017). However, this association was no longer observed in sensitivity analyses excluding patients with less than 1, 2, or 3 years of follow-up. Nevertheless, the association between CCBs and the risk of endocrine cancer, especially thyroid cancer, still exists.ConclusionDespite previous controversy, in this study, we found no clinically meaningful cancer risk associated with antihypertensive medications. However, the association of CCBs with specific cancer still requires further research. These findings should be interpreted with caution due to the potential residual confounding. |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-02f260f4bdd84bb1a93a5f5b3b084d202025-08-20T02:38:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122025-07-011610.3389/fphar.2025.15596041559604Antihypertensive medications and cancer risk: Evidence from 0.27 million patients with newly diagnosed hypertensionHuan Yu0Huan Yu1Zhike Liu2Zhike Liu3Yiqun Wu4Yiqun Wu5Liuyan Zheng6Liuyan Zheng7Kun Wang8Kun Wang9Jingxian Wu10Jingxian Wu11Huairong Wang12Huairong Wang13Kexin Ding14Kexin Ding15Ruotong Yang16Ruotong Yang17Huziwei Zhou18Feng Sun19Feng Sun20Yonghua Hu21Yonghua Hu22Yonghua Hu23Hongbo Lin24Peng Shen25Siyan Zhan26Siyan Zhan27Siyan Zhan28Siyan Zhan29Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaMedical Informatics Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Data Center, Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, ChinaDepartment of Data Center, Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaInstitute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaResearch Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, ChinaBackgroundWhether specific antihypertensive treatments increase cancer risk in patients with hypertension is still controversial. We aimed to estimate the associations of different antihypertensive treatments with cancer risk in real-world settings.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study was designed in a population of 1.2 million individuals from the CHinese Electronic health Records Research in Yinzhou (CHERRY). Propensity score matching (PSM) and the Cox regression model were used to estimate the associations. Several sensitivity analyses were then performed to reduce potential residual confounding.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2019, a total of 270,320 patients with newly diagnosed hypertension were included in this study. With a median follow-up time of 7.7 years, 14,264 cases of cancer occurred. There were no significant associations of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, or thiazide diuretics (TDs) with cancer risk (p > 0.05). Compared with other antihypertensive treatments, the use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) was significantly associated with a marginally mild increase in the risk of all cancers (hazard ratio, HR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09; p = 0.017). However, this association was no longer observed in sensitivity analyses excluding patients with less than 1, 2, or 3 years of follow-up. Nevertheless, the association between CCBs and the risk of endocrine cancer, especially thyroid cancer, still exists.ConclusionDespite previous controversy, in this study, we found no clinically meaningful cancer risk associated with antihypertensive medications. However, the association of CCBs with specific cancer still requires further research. These findings should be interpreted with caution due to the potential residual confounding.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1559604/fullhypertensioncancerantihypertensive medicationsreal-world researchpharmacoepidemiology |
| spellingShingle | Huan Yu Huan Yu Zhike Liu Zhike Liu Yiqun Wu Yiqun Wu Liuyan Zheng Liuyan Zheng Kun Wang Kun Wang Jingxian Wu Jingxian Wu Huairong Wang Huairong Wang Kexin Ding Kexin Ding Ruotong Yang Ruotong Yang Huziwei Zhou Feng Sun Feng Sun Yonghua Hu Yonghua Hu Yonghua Hu Hongbo Lin Peng Shen Siyan Zhan Siyan Zhan Siyan Zhan Siyan Zhan Antihypertensive medications and cancer risk: Evidence from 0.27 million patients with newly diagnosed hypertension Frontiers in Pharmacology hypertension cancer antihypertensive medications real-world research pharmacoepidemiology |
| title | Antihypertensive medications and cancer risk: Evidence from 0.27 million patients with newly diagnosed hypertension |
| title_full | Antihypertensive medications and cancer risk: Evidence from 0.27 million patients with newly diagnosed hypertension |
| title_fullStr | Antihypertensive medications and cancer risk: Evidence from 0.27 million patients with newly diagnosed hypertension |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antihypertensive medications and cancer risk: Evidence from 0.27 million patients with newly diagnosed hypertension |
| title_short | Antihypertensive medications and cancer risk: Evidence from 0.27 million patients with newly diagnosed hypertension |
| title_sort | antihypertensive medications and cancer risk evidence from 0 27 million patients with newly diagnosed hypertension |
| topic | hypertension cancer antihypertensive medications real-world research pharmacoepidemiology |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1559604/full |
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