The cholesterol‐HDL‐glucose (CHG) index and traditional adiposity markers in predicting diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the relationship between four metabolic indices—visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, and cholesterol‐HDL‐glucose (CHG) index—and the presence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in...

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Main Authors: Merve Çatak, Şerife Gülhan Konuk, Sema Hepsen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Diabetes Investigation
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.70086
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author Merve Çatak
Şerife Gülhan Konuk
Sema Hepsen
author_facet Merve Çatak
Şerife Gülhan Konuk
Sema Hepsen
author_sort Merve Çatak
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the relationship between four metabolic indices—visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, and cholesterol‐HDL‐glucose (CHG) index—and the presence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with long‐standing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods This prospective cross‐sectional study included 175 T2DM patients with disease duration >10 years who attended an endocrinology outpatient clinic between July 2021 and January 2022. DR was assessed via fundus photography, and DN was defined using the urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio and eGFR. VAI, LAP, TyG, and CHG indices were calculated using anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors. Results The mean age was 60 ± 10.1 years; 63.4% were female. DR and DN were observed in 50.3% and 38.9% of patients, respectively. VAI, LAP, and TyG were significantly higher in patients with DN but not with DR. CHG was elevated in both DN and DR (P < 0.05), and was the only independent predictor of DN (P = 0.005). Notably, CHG was significantly higher in proliferative vs non‐proliferative DR (P = 0.009), unlike the other indices. Conclusions While VAI, LAP, and TyG were associated only with nephropathy, CHG was linked to both DN and DR. Its integration of glycemic and lipid parameters may offer greater sensitivity for microvascular risk stratification in T2DM.
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spelling doaj-art-02dbac84171645f7b50890d00a4e1cb22025-08-20T03:34:14ZengWileyJournal of Diabetes Investigation2040-11162040-11242025-08-011681487149410.1111/jdi.70086The cholesterol‐HDL‐glucose (CHG) index and traditional adiposity markers in predicting diabetic retinopathy and nephropathyMerve Çatak0Şerife Gülhan Konuk1Sema Hepsen2Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Tokat Gazıosmanpasa University Tokat TurkeyFaculty of Medicine, Department of Opthalmology Tokat Gazıosmanpasa University Tokat TurkeyDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism Ankara Etlik City Hospital Ankara TurkeyABSTRACT Objective To investigate the relationship between four metabolic indices—visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, and cholesterol‐HDL‐glucose (CHG) index—and the presence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with long‐standing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods This prospective cross‐sectional study included 175 T2DM patients with disease duration >10 years who attended an endocrinology outpatient clinic between July 2021 and January 2022. DR was assessed via fundus photography, and DN was defined using the urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio and eGFR. VAI, LAP, TyG, and CHG indices were calculated using anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors. Results The mean age was 60 ± 10.1 years; 63.4% were female. DR and DN were observed in 50.3% and 38.9% of patients, respectively. VAI, LAP, and TyG were significantly higher in patients with DN but not with DR. CHG was elevated in both DN and DR (P < 0.05), and was the only independent predictor of DN (P = 0.005). Notably, CHG was significantly higher in proliferative vs non‐proliferative DR (P = 0.009), unlike the other indices. Conclusions While VAI, LAP, and TyG were associated only with nephropathy, CHG was linked to both DN and DR. Its integration of glycemic and lipid parameters may offer greater sensitivity for microvascular risk stratification in T2DM.https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.70086Cholesterol‐high density lipoprotein glucoseLipid accumulation productVisceral adiposity index
spellingShingle Merve Çatak
Şerife Gülhan Konuk
Sema Hepsen
The cholesterol‐HDL‐glucose (CHG) index and traditional adiposity markers in predicting diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy
Journal of Diabetes Investigation
Cholesterol‐high density lipoprotein glucose
Lipid accumulation product
Visceral adiposity index
title The cholesterol‐HDL‐glucose (CHG) index and traditional adiposity markers in predicting diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy
title_full The cholesterol‐HDL‐glucose (CHG) index and traditional adiposity markers in predicting diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy
title_fullStr The cholesterol‐HDL‐glucose (CHG) index and traditional adiposity markers in predicting diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy
title_full_unstemmed The cholesterol‐HDL‐glucose (CHG) index and traditional adiposity markers in predicting diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy
title_short The cholesterol‐HDL‐glucose (CHG) index and traditional adiposity markers in predicting diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy
title_sort cholesterol hdl glucose chg index and traditional adiposity markers in predicting diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy
topic Cholesterol‐high density lipoprotein glucose
Lipid accumulation product
Visceral adiposity index
url https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.70086
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