Current Views of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways
On microbial invasion, the host immediately evokes innate immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in innate responses that lead not only to the clearance of pathogens but also to the efficient establishment of acquired immunity by directl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2010-01-01
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| Series: | Gastroenterology Research and Practice |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/240365 |
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| _version_ | 1832560991378866176 |
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| author | Masahiro Yamamoto Kiyoshi Takeda |
| author_facet | Masahiro Yamamoto Kiyoshi Takeda |
| author_sort | Masahiro Yamamoto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | On microbial invasion, the host immediately evokes innate immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in innate responses that lead not only to the clearance of pathogens but also to the efficient establishment of acquired immunity by directly detecting molecules from microbes. In terms of intracellular TLR-mediated signaling pathways, cytoplasmic adaptor molecules containing Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domains play important roles in inflammatory immune responses through the production of proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, and type I interferon, and upregulation of costimulatory molecules. In this paper, we will describe our current understanding of the relationship between TLRs and their ligands derived from pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Moreover, we will review the historical and current literature to describe the mechanisms behind TLR-mediated activation of innate immune responses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-02d59334d2ef48a695eb4c6b6b005cf8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-6121 1687-630X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2010-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gastroenterology Research and Practice |
| spelling | doaj-art-02d59334d2ef48a695eb4c6b6b005cf82025-02-03T01:26:13ZengWileyGastroenterology Research and Practice1687-61211687-630X2010-01-01201010.1155/2010/240365240365Current Views of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling PathwaysMasahiro Yamamoto0Kiyoshi Takeda1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, JapanOn microbial invasion, the host immediately evokes innate immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in innate responses that lead not only to the clearance of pathogens but also to the efficient establishment of acquired immunity by directly detecting molecules from microbes. In terms of intracellular TLR-mediated signaling pathways, cytoplasmic adaptor molecules containing Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domains play important roles in inflammatory immune responses through the production of proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, and type I interferon, and upregulation of costimulatory molecules. In this paper, we will describe our current understanding of the relationship between TLRs and their ligands derived from pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Moreover, we will review the historical and current literature to describe the mechanisms behind TLR-mediated activation of innate immune responses.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/240365 |
| spellingShingle | Masahiro Yamamoto Kiyoshi Takeda Current Views of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways Gastroenterology Research and Practice |
| title | Current Views of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways |
| title_full | Current Views of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways |
| title_fullStr | Current Views of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current Views of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways |
| title_short | Current Views of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways |
| title_sort | current views of toll like receptor signaling pathways |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/240365 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT masahiroyamamoto currentviewsoftolllikereceptorsignalingpathways AT kiyoshitakeda currentviewsoftolllikereceptorsignalingpathways |