Climate Projections and Pacific Lamprey Conservation: Evidence That Larvae in Natural Conditions May Be Resilient to Climate Warming
In many areas where larval Pacific lampreys currently rear, maximum stream temperatures may approach 27–31 °C during the next 75 years. Whether larval Pacific lampreys in natural conditions can tolerate these temperatures is unknown. To evaluate this ability, we conducted Direct Acute Exposure (DAE)...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Timothy A. Whitesel Paul M. Sankovich |
| author_facet | Timothy A. Whitesel Paul M. Sankovich |
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| description | In many areas where larval Pacific lampreys currently rear, maximum stream temperatures may approach 27–31 °C during the next 75 years. Whether larval Pacific lampreys in natural conditions can tolerate these temperatures is unknown. To evaluate this ability, we conducted Direct Acute Exposure (DAE) experiments using simulated natural daily temperature (SNT) cycles in the laboratory and occupancy surveys in the Umatilla River (river). When evaluated relative to daily maximum temperatures, after seven days in DAE experiments, 78–100% of larvae survived in 29.1 °C, only larvae acclimated to 26.8 °C survived in 31.0 °C, and no larvae survived in 33.6 °C. Based on daily maximum temperatures, the ultimate upper incipient lethal temperature was estimated to be >30.8 °C using a time to death analysis and >32.0 °C using a percent mortality analysis. Some larvae acclimated to 31.0 °C were also able to survive four consecutive days with a daily maximum temperature of 33.6 °C. In 2018–2020, warm areas of the river experienced maximum temperatures in July and August that ranged from 27.7 to 33.9 °C, while cool areas experienced maximum temperatures <27.7 °C. Before, during and after the period of maximum temperatures each year, larvae occupied both areas. Detection probabilities ranged from 0.83 to 1.00 and were similar for each area and for all survey periods. This work suggests that ectothermic, larval Pacific lampreys in natural environments may be resilient to the water temperatures that are likely to result from climate warming. It is unclear whether relatively high but sublethal temperatures may impact the behavior, and ultimately survival, of larval Pacific lampreys. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-02ccc3d99a2044988f867e57a979923b2025-01-24T13:23:32ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-01-011417410.3390/biology14010074Climate Projections and Pacific Lamprey Conservation: Evidence That Larvae in Natural Conditions May Be Resilient to Climate WarmingTimothy A. Whitesel0Paul M. Sankovich1Columbia River Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1211 SE Cardinal Court, Vancouver, WA 98683, USAColumbia River Fish and Wildlife Conservation Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 3502 Highway 30, La Grande, OR 97850, USAIn many areas where larval Pacific lampreys currently rear, maximum stream temperatures may approach 27–31 °C during the next 75 years. Whether larval Pacific lampreys in natural conditions can tolerate these temperatures is unknown. To evaluate this ability, we conducted Direct Acute Exposure (DAE) experiments using simulated natural daily temperature (SNT) cycles in the laboratory and occupancy surveys in the Umatilla River (river). When evaluated relative to daily maximum temperatures, after seven days in DAE experiments, 78–100% of larvae survived in 29.1 °C, only larvae acclimated to 26.8 °C survived in 31.0 °C, and no larvae survived in 33.6 °C. Based on daily maximum temperatures, the ultimate upper incipient lethal temperature was estimated to be >30.8 °C using a time to death analysis and >32.0 °C using a percent mortality analysis. Some larvae acclimated to 31.0 °C were also able to survive four consecutive days with a daily maximum temperature of 33.6 °C. In 2018–2020, warm areas of the river experienced maximum temperatures in July and August that ranged from 27.7 to 33.9 °C, while cool areas experienced maximum temperatures <27.7 °C. Before, during and after the period of maximum temperatures each year, larvae occupied both areas. Detection probabilities ranged from 0.83 to 1.00 and were similar for each area and for all survey periods. This work suggests that ectothermic, larval Pacific lampreys in natural environments may be resilient to the water temperatures that are likely to result from climate warming. It is unclear whether relatively high but sublethal temperatures may impact the behavior, and ultimately survival, of larval Pacific lampreys.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/1/74climate warmingdistributionectothermiclarvaenatural conditionsPacific lamprey |
| spellingShingle | Timothy A. Whitesel Paul M. Sankovich Climate Projections and Pacific Lamprey Conservation: Evidence That Larvae in Natural Conditions May Be Resilient to Climate Warming Biology climate warming distribution ectothermic larvae natural conditions Pacific lamprey |
| title | Climate Projections and Pacific Lamprey Conservation: Evidence That Larvae in Natural Conditions May Be Resilient to Climate Warming |
| title_full | Climate Projections and Pacific Lamprey Conservation: Evidence That Larvae in Natural Conditions May Be Resilient to Climate Warming |
| title_fullStr | Climate Projections and Pacific Lamprey Conservation: Evidence That Larvae in Natural Conditions May Be Resilient to Climate Warming |
| title_full_unstemmed | Climate Projections and Pacific Lamprey Conservation: Evidence That Larvae in Natural Conditions May Be Resilient to Climate Warming |
| title_short | Climate Projections and Pacific Lamprey Conservation: Evidence That Larvae in Natural Conditions May Be Resilient to Climate Warming |
| title_sort | climate projections and pacific lamprey conservation evidence that larvae in natural conditions may be resilient to climate warming |
| topic | climate warming distribution ectothermic larvae natural conditions Pacific lamprey |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/1/74 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT timothyawhitesel climateprojectionsandpacificlampreyconservationevidencethatlarvaeinnaturalconditionsmayberesilienttoclimatewarming AT paulmsankovich climateprojectionsandpacificlampreyconservationevidencethatlarvaeinnaturalconditionsmayberesilienttoclimatewarming |