Significant changes of area, length and terminus of Sikkim Himalayan glaciers within the Kanchenjunga national park from 1990 - 2022

In this study, we have investigated four glaciers, namely Zemu, Talung, Alukthang and Rathong within Kanchenjunga national park. This study evaluates physical and morphometric parameters (area, length, perimeter, area of accumulation zone, ablation zone length, snout position, thickness and specific...

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Main Authors: Soumik Saha, Biswajit Bera, Sumana Bhattacharjee, Nairita Sengupta, Mridul Barman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Results in Earth Sciences
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211714823000134
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author Soumik Saha
Biswajit Bera
Sumana Bhattacharjee
Nairita Sengupta
Mridul Barman
author_facet Soumik Saha
Biswajit Bera
Sumana Bhattacharjee
Nairita Sengupta
Mridul Barman
author_sort Soumik Saha
collection DOAJ
description In this study, we have investigated four glaciers, namely Zemu, Talung, Alukthang and Rathong within Kanchenjunga national park. This study evaluates physical and morphometric parameters (area, length, perimeter, area of accumulation zone, ablation zone length, snout position, thickness and specific mass balance) of multiple glaciers and to ascertain the poorly understood glaciers of western Sikkim region under Kanchenjunga national park. The principal objective of this research is to find out the changes of glacial mass and other physical parameters of the selected glaciers using multi sources digital elevation model data.Various techniques of statistics, including Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope tests have been applied at different confidence interval. We have identified that climate change is responsible for the alterations of the physical characteristics of the glaciers. Result shows that during the study period, Zemu glacier has faced highest amount of deglaciation in terms of area (20.79 sq.km) along with maximum 30 m elevation reduction, 24 m increase of snout elevation and 200 m retreat of terminus. Furthermore, it is observed that terminus of the each selected glaciers retreated during the study period. Rathong experienced maximum retreat rate, approximately 550 m, and is accompanied by a notable 163% increase in the ablation zone. Alukthang and Talung reduced their areas 0.56 and 4.06 sq.km respectively, along with 2.75 m and 9.10 m thickness respectively. Maximum 36.39 m/y-1 flow rate has been observed over Zemu glacier. The flow rate of Talung, Rathong and Alukthang glacier is 26.4 m/y-1, 34.1 m/y-1, and 23.7 m/y-1 respectively.
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publishDate 2024-12-01
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spelling doaj-art-0205aaff8d304b0f88b49be2d8a0980b2025-08-20T02:52:30ZengElsevierResults in Earth Sciences2211-71482024-12-01210001310.1016/j.rines.2023.100013Significant changes of area, length and terminus of Sikkim Himalayan glaciers within the Kanchenjunga national park from 1990 - 2022Soumik Saha0Biswajit Bera1Sumana Bhattacharjee2Nairita Sengupta3Mridul Barman4Department of Geography, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, P.O. Purulia Sainik School, Purulia 723104, IndiaDepartment of Geography, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, P.O. Purulia Sainik School, Purulia 723104, India; Corresponding author.Department of Geography, Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri College (University of Calcutta), 30, Prince Anwar Shah Road, Kolkata 700 033, IndiaDepartment of Geography, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Sarisha 743368, IndiaIndependent Researcher, Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, Ballygunge, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, IndiaIn this study, we have investigated four glaciers, namely Zemu, Talung, Alukthang and Rathong within Kanchenjunga national park. This study evaluates physical and morphometric parameters (area, length, perimeter, area of accumulation zone, ablation zone length, snout position, thickness and specific mass balance) of multiple glaciers and to ascertain the poorly understood glaciers of western Sikkim region under Kanchenjunga national park. The principal objective of this research is to find out the changes of glacial mass and other physical parameters of the selected glaciers using multi sources digital elevation model data.Various techniques of statistics, including Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope tests have been applied at different confidence interval. We have identified that climate change is responsible for the alterations of the physical characteristics of the glaciers. Result shows that during the study period, Zemu glacier has faced highest amount of deglaciation in terms of area (20.79 sq.km) along with maximum 30 m elevation reduction, 24 m increase of snout elevation and 200 m retreat of terminus. Furthermore, it is observed that terminus of the each selected glaciers retreated during the study period. Rathong experienced maximum retreat rate, approximately 550 m, and is accompanied by a notable 163% increase in the ablation zone. Alukthang and Talung reduced their areas 0.56 and 4.06 sq.km respectively, along with 2.75 m and 9.10 m thickness respectively. Maximum 36.39 m/y-1 flow rate has been observed over Zemu glacier. The flow rate of Talung, Rathong and Alukthang glacier is 26.4 m/y-1, 34.1 m/y-1, and 23.7 m/y-1 respectively.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211714823000134Glacial massDeglaciationTerminus retreatKanchenjunga regionClimate change
spellingShingle Soumik Saha
Biswajit Bera
Sumana Bhattacharjee
Nairita Sengupta
Mridul Barman
Significant changes of area, length and terminus of Sikkim Himalayan glaciers within the Kanchenjunga national park from 1990 - 2022
Results in Earth Sciences
Glacial mass
Deglaciation
Terminus retreat
Kanchenjunga region
Climate change
title Significant changes of area, length and terminus of Sikkim Himalayan glaciers within the Kanchenjunga national park from 1990 - 2022
title_full Significant changes of area, length and terminus of Sikkim Himalayan glaciers within the Kanchenjunga national park from 1990 - 2022
title_fullStr Significant changes of area, length and terminus of Sikkim Himalayan glaciers within the Kanchenjunga national park from 1990 - 2022
title_full_unstemmed Significant changes of area, length and terminus of Sikkim Himalayan glaciers within the Kanchenjunga national park from 1990 - 2022
title_short Significant changes of area, length and terminus of Sikkim Himalayan glaciers within the Kanchenjunga national park from 1990 - 2022
title_sort significant changes of area length and terminus of sikkim himalayan glaciers within the kanchenjunga national park from 1990 2022
topic Glacial mass
Deglaciation
Terminus retreat
Kanchenjunga region
Climate change
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211714823000134
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