Research on high-temperature graphitization of anthracite using Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

IntroductionThe high-temperature graphitization of anthracite is a key process for producing artificial graphite with properties comparable to natural graphite. However, the kinetics and structural evolution of carbon materials under rapid heating conditions remain insufficiently studied.MethodsThis...

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Main Authors: Pavlo Saik, Artem Sybir, Igor Vorona, Oksana Isaieva, Volodymyr Yukhymchuk, Volodymyr Trachevsky, Oleksandr Burchak, Ivan Hubynskyi, Vasyl Lozynskyi
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Earth Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1540335/full
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author Pavlo Saik
Artem Sybir
Igor Vorona
Oksana Isaieva
Volodymyr Yukhymchuk
Volodymyr Trachevsky
Oleksandr Burchak
Ivan Hubynskyi
Vasyl Lozynskyi
Vasyl Lozynskyi
author_facet Pavlo Saik
Artem Sybir
Igor Vorona
Oksana Isaieva
Volodymyr Yukhymchuk
Volodymyr Trachevsky
Oleksandr Burchak
Ivan Hubynskyi
Vasyl Lozynskyi
Vasyl Lozynskyi
author_sort Pavlo Saik
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionThe high-temperature graphitization of anthracite is a key process for producing artificial graphite with properties comparable to natural graphite. However, the kinetics and structural evolution of carbon materials under rapid heating conditions remain insufficiently studied.MethodsThis study investigates the structural transformations of anthracite during staged heat treatment using Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The experiments were conducted in an electrothermal fluidized bed system, providing heating rates up to 1000 K/min and holding times of several tens of minutes.ResultsThe combined analysis of Raman and EPR data revealed that graphitization occurs in three distinct temperature intervals. At 2,100°C, the product resembles natural graphite but retains a higher density of structural defects. At elevated temperatures of 2,700°C and 3,000°C, turbostratic graphite with fewer defects was obtained.DiscussionRapid heating and short annealing time facilitate the transformation of the two-dimensional carbon matrix into a more ordered three-dimensional structure while promoting the removal of ash-forming elements. Process optimization in terms of temperature and residence time is crucial for improving the structural integrity and performance of artificial graphite materials.
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spelling doaj-art-01ea10fac2434829a878388a8b69674f2025-08-20T01:50:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632025-05-011310.3389/feart.2025.15403351540335Research on high-temperature graphitization of anthracite using Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopyPavlo Saik0Artem Sybir1Igor Vorona2Oksana Isaieva3Volodymyr Yukhymchuk4Volodymyr Trachevsky5Oleksandr Burchak6Ivan Hubynskyi7Vasyl Lozynskyi8Vasyl Lozynskyi9Belt and Road Initiative Centre for Chinese-European Studies (BRICCES), Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, ChinaZ. I. Nekrasov Iron and Steel Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dnipro, UkraineLashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineLashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineLashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineLaboratory for Synthesis and Diagnostics of Nanosystems and Nanomaterials of the Analytical Research Department, Technical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineM.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dnipro, UkraineThermal and Material Engineering Center LLS, Dnipro, UkraineBelt and Road Initiative Centre for Chinese-European Studies (BRICCES), Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, ChinaDepartment of Mining Engineering and Education, Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, UkraineIntroductionThe high-temperature graphitization of anthracite is a key process for producing artificial graphite with properties comparable to natural graphite. However, the kinetics and structural evolution of carbon materials under rapid heating conditions remain insufficiently studied.MethodsThis study investigates the structural transformations of anthracite during staged heat treatment using Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The experiments were conducted in an electrothermal fluidized bed system, providing heating rates up to 1000 K/min and holding times of several tens of minutes.ResultsThe combined analysis of Raman and EPR data revealed that graphitization occurs in three distinct temperature intervals. At 2,100°C, the product resembles natural graphite but retains a higher density of structural defects. At elevated temperatures of 2,700°C and 3,000°C, turbostratic graphite with fewer defects was obtained.DiscussionRapid heating and short annealing time facilitate the transformation of the two-dimensional carbon matrix into a more ordered three-dimensional structure while promoting the removal of ash-forming elements. Process optimization in terms of temperature and residence time is crucial for improving the structural integrity and performance of artificial graphite materials.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1540335/fullanthracitegraphitestructural transformationsRaman and EPR spectroscopycoal
spellingShingle Pavlo Saik
Artem Sybir
Igor Vorona
Oksana Isaieva
Volodymyr Yukhymchuk
Volodymyr Trachevsky
Oleksandr Burchak
Ivan Hubynskyi
Vasyl Lozynskyi
Vasyl Lozynskyi
Research on high-temperature graphitization of anthracite using Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Frontiers in Earth Science
anthracite
graphite
structural transformations
Raman and EPR spectroscopy
coal
title Research on high-temperature graphitization of anthracite using Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
title_full Research on high-temperature graphitization of anthracite using Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
title_fullStr Research on high-temperature graphitization of anthracite using Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
title_full_unstemmed Research on high-temperature graphitization of anthracite using Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
title_short Research on high-temperature graphitization of anthracite using Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
title_sort research on high temperature graphitization of anthracite using raman and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
topic anthracite
graphite
structural transformations
Raman and EPR spectroscopy
coal
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2025.1540335/full
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