COVID‐19 in early 2023: Structure, replication mechanism, variants of SARS‐CoV‐2, diagnostic tests, and vaccine & drug development studies
Abstract Coronavirus Disease‐19 (COVID‐19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronaviruses‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), a highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus. Most cases of COVID‐19 have mild to moderate symptoms, including cough, fever, myalgias, and headache. On t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-04-01
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| Series: | MedComm |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.228 |
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| author | Ilker Polatoğlu Tulay Oncu‐Oner Irem Dalman Senanur Ozdogan |
| author_facet | Ilker Polatoğlu Tulay Oncu‐Oner Irem Dalman Senanur Ozdogan |
| author_sort | Ilker Polatoğlu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Coronavirus Disease‐19 (COVID‐19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronaviruses‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), a highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus. Most cases of COVID‐19 have mild to moderate symptoms, including cough, fever, myalgias, and headache. On the other hand, this coronavirus can lead to severe complications and death in some cases. Therefore, vaccination is the most effective tool to prevent and eradicate COVID‐19 disease. Also, rapid and effective diagnostic tests are critical in identifying cases of COVID‐19. The COVID‐19 pandemic has a dynamic structure on the agenda and contains up‐to‐date developments. This article has comprehensively discussed the most up‐to‐date pandemic situation since it first appeared. For the first time, not only the structure, replication mechanism, and variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Omicron, Delta, Epsilon, Kappa, Mu, Eta, Zeta, Theta, lota, Lambda) but also all the details of the pandemic, such as how it came out, how it spread, current cases, what precautions should be taken, prevention strategies, the vaccines produced, the tests developed, and the drugs used are reviewed in every aspect. Herein, the comparison of diagnostic tests for SARS‐CoV‐2 in terms of procedure, accuracy, cost, and time has been presented. The mechanism, safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 variants have been evaluated. Drug studies, therapeutic targets, various immunomodulators, and antiviral molecules applied to patients with COVID‐19 have been reviewed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-018c12af85ba4e218660b40eee14d678 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2688-2663 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | MedComm |
| spelling | doaj-art-018c12af85ba4e218660b40eee14d6782025-01-24T05:36:30ZengWileyMedComm2688-26632023-04-0142n/an/a10.1002/mco2.228COVID‐19 in early 2023: Structure, replication mechanism, variants of SARS‐CoV‐2, diagnostic tests, and vaccine & drug development studiesIlker Polatoğlu0Tulay Oncu‐Oner1Irem Dalman2Senanur Ozdogan3Department of Bioengineering Manisa Celal Bayar University Yunusemre Manisa TurkeyDepartment of Bioengineering Manisa Celal Bayar University Yunusemre Manisa TurkeyDepartment of Bioengineering Ege University Bornova Izmir TurkeyDepartment of Bioengineering Manisa Celal Bayar University Yunusemre Manisa TurkeyAbstract Coronavirus Disease‐19 (COVID‐19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronaviruses‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), a highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus. Most cases of COVID‐19 have mild to moderate symptoms, including cough, fever, myalgias, and headache. On the other hand, this coronavirus can lead to severe complications and death in some cases. Therefore, vaccination is the most effective tool to prevent and eradicate COVID‐19 disease. Also, rapid and effective diagnostic tests are critical in identifying cases of COVID‐19. The COVID‐19 pandemic has a dynamic structure on the agenda and contains up‐to‐date developments. This article has comprehensively discussed the most up‐to‐date pandemic situation since it first appeared. For the first time, not only the structure, replication mechanism, and variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Omicron, Delta, Epsilon, Kappa, Mu, Eta, Zeta, Theta, lota, Lambda) but also all the details of the pandemic, such as how it came out, how it spread, current cases, what precautions should be taken, prevention strategies, the vaccines produced, the tests developed, and the drugs used are reviewed in every aspect. Herein, the comparison of diagnostic tests for SARS‐CoV‐2 in terms of procedure, accuracy, cost, and time has been presented. The mechanism, safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 variants have been evaluated. Drug studies, therapeutic targets, various immunomodulators, and antiviral molecules applied to patients with COVID‐19 have been reviewed.https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.228COVID‐19 infectiondiagnosis testsdrugSARS‐CoV‐2vaccine typevariants |
| spellingShingle | Ilker Polatoğlu Tulay Oncu‐Oner Irem Dalman Senanur Ozdogan COVID‐19 in early 2023: Structure, replication mechanism, variants of SARS‐CoV‐2, diagnostic tests, and vaccine & drug development studies MedComm COVID‐19 infection diagnosis tests drug SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine type variants |
| title | COVID‐19 in early 2023: Structure, replication mechanism, variants of SARS‐CoV‐2, diagnostic tests, and vaccine & drug development studies |
| title_full | COVID‐19 in early 2023: Structure, replication mechanism, variants of SARS‐CoV‐2, diagnostic tests, and vaccine & drug development studies |
| title_fullStr | COVID‐19 in early 2023: Structure, replication mechanism, variants of SARS‐CoV‐2, diagnostic tests, and vaccine & drug development studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | COVID‐19 in early 2023: Structure, replication mechanism, variants of SARS‐CoV‐2, diagnostic tests, and vaccine & drug development studies |
| title_short | COVID‐19 in early 2023: Structure, replication mechanism, variants of SARS‐CoV‐2, diagnostic tests, and vaccine & drug development studies |
| title_sort | covid 19 in early 2023 structure replication mechanism variants of sars cov 2 diagnostic tests and vaccine drug development studies |
| topic | COVID‐19 infection diagnosis tests drug SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine type variants |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.228 |
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