Distance Relaying for the Protection of Modern Power System Networks
Distance relays (DRs) have long been considered one of the most reliable protection schemes for transmission lines (TLs), providing primary and backup protection. However, the increasing complexity of transmission networks, the integration of large-scale renewable energy and dynamic operating condit...
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10877802/ |
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| author | Rahul Pujari Mahamad Nabab Alam |
| author_facet | Rahul Pujari Mahamad Nabab Alam |
| author_sort | Rahul Pujari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Distance relays (DRs) have long been considered one of the most reliable protection schemes for transmission lines (TLs), providing primary and backup protection. However, the increasing complexity of transmission networks, the integration of large-scale renewable energy and dynamic operating conditions present significant challenges to their effectiveness. Traditional DRs protection logic often struggles when networks deviate from predefined configurations, potentially leading to protection failures. Numerous solutions have been proposed in the literature to address individual challenges in distance relaying for the protection of TLs. However, there are only a few review papers which comprehensively cover these issues across multiple domains of problems encountered in modern power system networks. This paper thoroughly reviews the technical, topological, and operational challenges that impact DRs performance, as reported in the literature. It systematically categorizes protection issues and their corresponding solutions available in the literature into twelve key areas: power swings, voltage instability, load encroachment, parallel lines, multi-terminal lines, flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) devices, series compensation, high voltage direct current (HVDC) lines, renewable energy integration, microgrids, high-impedance faults, and cyberattacks. Additionally, the paper identifies emerging research opportunities to tackle the increasing complexity of modern power systems, aiming to foster the development of more robust and adaptive distance protection schemes for TLs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0146eddec8fc4ba8abea8d1cdc21ca99 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-0146eddec8fc4ba8abea8d1cdc21ca992025-08-20T03:12:53ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113288612889310.1109/ACCESS.2025.353991910877802Distance Relaying for the Protection of Modern Power System NetworksRahul Pujari0https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0152-6651Mahamad Nabab Alam1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8322-8304National Institute of Technology Warangal, Hanamkonda, IndiaNational Institute of Technology Warangal, Hanamkonda, IndiaDistance relays (DRs) have long been considered one of the most reliable protection schemes for transmission lines (TLs), providing primary and backup protection. However, the increasing complexity of transmission networks, the integration of large-scale renewable energy and dynamic operating conditions present significant challenges to their effectiveness. Traditional DRs protection logic often struggles when networks deviate from predefined configurations, potentially leading to protection failures. Numerous solutions have been proposed in the literature to address individual challenges in distance relaying for the protection of TLs. However, there are only a few review papers which comprehensively cover these issues across multiple domains of problems encountered in modern power system networks. This paper thoroughly reviews the technical, topological, and operational challenges that impact DRs performance, as reported in the literature. It systematically categorizes protection issues and their corresponding solutions available in the literature into twelve key areas: power swings, voltage instability, load encroachment, parallel lines, multi-terminal lines, flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) devices, series compensation, high voltage direct current (HVDC) lines, renewable energy integration, microgrids, high-impedance faults, and cyberattacks. Additionally, the paper identifies emerging research opportunities to tackle the increasing complexity of modern power systems, aiming to foster the development of more robust and adaptive distance protection schemes for TLs.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10877802/Distance relayshigh impedance faultsmaloperationoverreachmulti-terminal linesparallel lines |
| spellingShingle | Rahul Pujari Mahamad Nabab Alam Distance Relaying for the Protection of Modern Power System Networks IEEE Access Distance relays high impedance faults maloperation overreach multi-terminal lines parallel lines |
| title | Distance Relaying for the Protection of Modern Power System Networks |
| title_full | Distance Relaying for the Protection of Modern Power System Networks |
| title_fullStr | Distance Relaying for the Protection of Modern Power System Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distance Relaying for the Protection of Modern Power System Networks |
| title_short | Distance Relaying for the Protection of Modern Power System Networks |
| title_sort | distance relaying for the protection of modern power system networks |
| topic | Distance relays high impedance faults maloperation overreach multi-terminal lines parallel lines |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10877802/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rahulpujari distancerelayingfortheprotectionofmodernpowersystemnetworks AT mahamadnababalam distancerelayingfortheprotectionofmodernpowersystemnetworks |