Eveningness and Procrastination: An Exploration of Relationships with Mind Wandering, Sleep Quality, Self-Control, and Depression
While morningness (a preference for rising earlier in the day) is associated with positive affect and life satisfaction, eveningness is correlated with negative emotionality, poor sleep, less self-control, and more procrastination. The current study investigated inter-relationships between morningne...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2254-9625/15/5/79 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850257057721090048 |
|---|---|
| author | Richard Carciofo Rebecca Y. M. Cheung |
| author_facet | Richard Carciofo Rebecca Y. M. Cheung |
| author_sort | Richard Carciofo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | While morningness (a preference for rising earlier in the day) is associated with positive affect and life satisfaction, eveningness is correlated with negative emotionality, poor sleep, less self-control, and more procrastination. The current study investigated inter-relationships between morningness–eveningness; bedtime, academic, and exercise procrastination; mind wandering; sleep quality; self-control; and depressive symptoms. An online survey including questionnaire measures of these variables was completed by 306 university students (aged 18–51 years; mean = 20.36, SD = 4.001; 34 male). Morningness correlated with more self-control and better sleep quality—eveningness correlated with more bedtime, academic, and exercise procrastination; depressive symptoms; and mind wandering. All forms of procrastination negatively correlated with self-control and sleep quality, and positively correlated with depressive symptoms and mind wandering, although more strongly with spontaneous than deliberate mind wandering. Mediation effects were found—bedtime procrastination (BP) between eveningness and spontaneous mind wandering (MW); spontaneous MW between BP and sleep quality; sleep quality between BP and depressive symptoms; self-control between depressive symptoms and academic procrastination. A path model of these inter-relationships was developed. This study adds to a growing body of research indicating that interventions to reduce bedtime procrastination may bring about improvements in wellbeing and academic achievement. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-013cef01a78f4b4da448f1aa28ae4b5e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2174-8144 2254-9625 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education |
| spelling | doaj-art-013cef01a78f4b4da448f1aa28ae4b5e2025-08-20T01:56:31ZengMDPI AGEuropean Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education2174-81442254-96252025-05-011557910.3390/ejihpe15050079Eveningness and Procrastination: An Exploration of Relationships with Mind Wandering, Sleep Quality, Self-Control, and DepressionRichard Carciofo0Rebecca Y. M. Cheung1School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UKDepartment of Educational Studies, Academy of Future Education, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, ChinaWhile morningness (a preference for rising earlier in the day) is associated with positive affect and life satisfaction, eveningness is correlated with negative emotionality, poor sleep, less self-control, and more procrastination. The current study investigated inter-relationships between morningness–eveningness; bedtime, academic, and exercise procrastination; mind wandering; sleep quality; self-control; and depressive symptoms. An online survey including questionnaire measures of these variables was completed by 306 university students (aged 18–51 years; mean = 20.36, SD = 4.001; 34 male). Morningness correlated with more self-control and better sleep quality—eveningness correlated with more bedtime, academic, and exercise procrastination; depressive symptoms; and mind wandering. All forms of procrastination negatively correlated with self-control and sleep quality, and positively correlated with depressive symptoms and mind wandering, although more strongly with spontaneous than deliberate mind wandering. Mediation effects were found—bedtime procrastination (BP) between eveningness and spontaneous mind wandering (MW); spontaneous MW between BP and sleep quality; sleep quality between BP and depressive symptoms; self-control between depressive symptoms and academic procrastination. A path model of these inter-relationships was developed. This study adds to a growing body of research indicating that interventions to reduce bedtime procrastination may bring about improvements in wellbeing and academic achievement.https://www.mdpi.com/2254-9625/15/5/79chronotypedepressionmind wanderingmorningness–eveningnessprocrastinationself-control |
| spellingShingle | Richard Carciofo Rebecca Y. M. Cheung Eveningness and Procrastination: An Exploration of Relationships with Mind Wandering, Sleep Quality, Self-Control, and Depression European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education chronotype depression mind wandering morningness–eveningness procrastination self-control |
| title | Eveningness and Procrastination: An Exploration of Relationships with Mind Wandering, Sleep Quality, Self-Control, and Depression |
| title_full | Eveningness and Procrastination: An Exploration of Relationships with Mind Wandering, Sleep Quality, Self-Control, and Depression |
| title_fullStr | Eveningness and Procrastination: An Exploration of Relationships with Mind Wandering, Sleep Quality, Self-Control, and Depression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eveningness and Procrastination: An Exploration of Relationships with Mind Wandering, Sleep Quality, Self-Control, and Depression |
| title_short | Eveningness and Procrastination: An Exploration of Relationships with Mind Wandering, Sleep Quality, Self-Control, and Depression |
| title_sort | eveningness and procrastination an exploration of relationships with mind wandering sleep quality self control and depression |
| topic | chronotype depression mind wandering morningness–eveningness procrastination self-control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2254-9625/15/5/79 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT richardcarciofo eveningnessandprocrastinationanexplorationofrelationshipswithmindwanderingsleepqualityselfcontrolanddepression AT rebeccaymcheung eveningnessandprocrastinationanexplorationofrelationshipswithmindwanderingsleepqualityselfcontrolanddepression |