Machine learning approach for predicting tramp elements in the basic oxygen furnace based on the compiled steel scrap mix
Abstract In the blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route, pig iron and steel scrap are used as resources for steel production. The scrap content can consist of many different types of scrap varying in origin and composition. This makes it difficult to compile the scrap mix and predict the future...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86406-z |
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| author | Michael Schäfer Ulrike Faltings Björn Glaser |
| author_facet | Michael Schäfer Ulrike Faltings Björn Glaser |
| author_sort | Michael Schäfer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In the blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route, pig iron and steel scrap are used as resources for steel production. The scrap content can consist of many different types of scrap varying in origin and composition. This makes it difficult to compile the scrap mix and predict the future chemical analysis in the converter. When compiling the scrap mix, steel manufacturers often rely on experience and trials. In this paper, we present a machine learning approach based on XGBoost to predict the chemical element content in the converter. Data from around 115000 heats were analyzed and a model was developed to better predict the content of the tramp elements copper, chromium, molybdenum, phosphorus, nickel, tin and sulphur at the end of the basic oxygen furnace process. The study shows that it is possible to predict the chemical element content for tramp elements in the converter based solely on data available in advance and routinely collected without the necessity of additional sensors or analysis of input material. Given the nature of scrap classifications for (external) scrap types, this is non-trivial. Furthermore, an online model was implemented, accessible via a defined synchronous interface, which allows to optimize the use of different scrap types by predicting the chemical content at the end of the basic oxygen furnace process and simulating with new combinations of input material. Not all types of steel scrap are always available. With the model developed, new scrap input constellations can now be created to ensure that the quality of the melt is maintained. However, for very accurate predictions, the data from the upstream processes must be of high quality and quantity. Efficient scrap management, monitoring of the scrap input and confusion checks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-00bc767402df456f9444c18a2dff0822 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-00bc767402df456f9444c18a2dff08222025-01-19T12:19:50ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-86406-zMachine learning approach for predicting tramp elements in the basic oxygen furnace based on the compiled steel scrap mixMichael Schäfer0Ulrike Faltings1Björn Glaser2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySHS - Stahl-Holding-Saar GmbH & Co. KGaA, Digitalization & AIDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyAbstract In the blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace route, pig iron and steel scrap are used as resources for steel production. The scrap content can consist of many different types of scrap varying in origin and composition. This makes it difficult to compile the scrap mix and predict the future chemical analysis in the converter. When compiling the scrap mix, steel manufacturers often rely on experience and trials. In this paper, we present a machine learning approach based on XGBoost to predict the chemical element content in the converter. Data from around 115000 heats were analyzed and a model was developed to better predict the content of the tramp elements copper, chromium, molybdenum, phosphorus, nickel, tin and sulphur at the end of the basic oxygen furnace process. The study shows that it is possible to predict the chemical element content for tramp elements in the converter based solely on data available in advance and routinely collected without the necessity of additional sensors or analysis of input material. Given the nature of scrap classifications for (external) scrap types, this is non-trivial. Furthermore, an online model was implemented, accessible via a defined synchronous interface, which allows to optimize the use of different scrap types by predicting the chemical content at the end of the basic oxygen furnace process and simulating with new combinations of input material. Not all types of steel scrap are always available. With the model developed, new scrap input constellations can now be created to ensure that the quality of the melt is maintained. However, for very accurate predictions, the data from the upstream processes must be of high quality and quantity. Efficient scrap management, monitoring of the scrap input and confusion checks.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86406-z |
| spellingShingle | Michael Schäfer Ulrike Faltings Björn Glaser Machine learning approach for predicting tramp elements in the basic oxygen furnace based on the compiled steel scrap mix Scientific Reports |
| title | Machine learning approach for predicting tramp elements in the basic oxygen furnace based on the compiled steel scrap mix |
| title_full | Machine learning approach for predicting tramp elements in the basic oxygen furnace based on the compiled steel scrap mix |
| title_fullStr | Machine learning approach for predicting tramp elements in the basic oxygen furnace based on the compiled steel scrap mix |
| title_full_unstemmed | Machine learning approach for predicting tramp elements in the basic oxygen furnace based on the compiled steel scrap mix |
| title_short | Machine learning approach for predicting tramp elements in the basic oxygen furnace based on the compiled steel scrap mix |
| title_sort | machine learning approach for predicting tramp elements in the basic oxygen furnace based on the compiled steel scrap mix |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86406-z |
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