Similarities and Differences in the Glycosylation Mechanisms in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth in the number and diversity of prokaryotic proteins shown to carry N- and/or O-glycans, with protein glycosylation now considered as fundamental to the biology of these organisms as it is in eukaryotic systems. This article overviews the major glycosylation...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2010-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Microbiology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/148178 |
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| author | Anne Dell Alaa Galadari Federico Sastre Paul Hitchen |
| author_facet | Anne Dell Alaa Galadari Federico Sastre Paul Hitchen |
| author_sort | Anne Dell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth in the number and diversity of prokaryotic proteins shown to carry N- and/or O-glycans, with protein glycosylation now considered as fundamental to the biology of these organisms as it is in eukaryotic systems. This article overviews the major glycosylation pathways that are known to exist in eukarya, bacteria and archaea. These are (i) oligosaccharyltransferase (OST)-mediated N-glycosylation which is abundant in eukarya and archaea, but is restricted to a limited range of bacteria; (ii) stepwise cytoplasmic N-glycosylation that has so far only been confirmed in the bacterial domain; (iii) OST-mediated O-glycosylation which appears to be characteristic of bacteria; and (iv) stepwise O-glycosylation which is common in eukarya and bacteria. A key aim of the review is to integrate information from the three domains of life in order to highlight commonalities in glycosylation processes. We show how the OST-mediated N- and O-glycosylation pathways share cytoplasmic assembly of lipid-linked oligosaccharides, flipping across the ER/periplasmic/cytoplasmic membranes, and transferring “en bloc” to the protein acceptor. Moreover these hallmarks are mirrored in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Like in eukaryotes, stepwise O-glycosylation occurs on diverse bacterial proteins including flagellins, adhesins, autotransporters and lipoproteins, with O-glycosylation chain extension often coupled with secretory mechanisms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-009b890c01ec472c944b2b7a23f2f75f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-918X 1687-9198 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2010-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-009b890c01ec472c944b2b7a23f2f75f2025-02-03T05:45:18ZengWileyInternational Journal of Microbiology1687-918X1687-91982010-01-01201010.1155/2010/148178148178Similarities and Differences in the Glycosylation Mechanisms in Prokaryotes and EukaryotesAnne Dell0Alaa Galadari1Federico Sastre2Paul Hitchen3Division of Molecular Biosciences and Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UKFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. BOX 17666, Al-Ain, UAEDivision of Molecular Biosciences and Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UKDivision of Molecular Biosciences and Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UKRecent years have witnessed a rapid growth in the number and diversity of prokaryotic proteins shown to carry N- and/or O-glycans, with protein glycosylation now considered as fundamental to the biology of these organisms as it is in eukaryotic systems. This article overviews the major glycosylation pathways that are known to exist in eukarya, bacteria and archaea. These are (i) oligosaccharyltransferase (OST)-mediated N-glycosylation which is abundant in eukarya and archaea, but is restricted to a limited range of bacteria; (ii) stepwise cytoplasmic N-glycosylation that has so far only been confirmed in the bacterial domain; (iii) OST-mediated O-glycosylation which appears to be characteristic of bacteria; and (iv) stepwise O-glycosylation which is common in eukarya and bacteria. A key aim of the review is to integrate information from the three domains of life in order to highlight commonalities in glycosylation processes. We show how the OST-mediated N- and O-glycosylation pathways share cytoplasmic assembly of lipid-linked oligosaccharides, flipping across the ER/periplasmic/cytoplasmic membranes, and transferring “en bloc” to the protein acceptor. Moreover these hallmarks are mirrored in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Like in eukaryotes, stepwise O-glycosylation occurs on diverse bacterial proteins including flagellins, adhesins, autotransporters and lipoproteins, with O-glycosylation chain extension often coupled with secretory mechanisms.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/148178 |
| spellingShingle | Anne Dell Alaa Galadari Federico Sastre Paul Hitchen Similarities and Differences in the Glycosylation Mechanisms in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes International Journal of Microbiology |
| title | Similarities and Differences in the Glycosylation Mechanisms in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes |
| title_full | Similarities and Differences in the Glycosylation Mechanisms in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes |
| title_fullStr | Similarities and Differences in the Glycosylation Mechanisms in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Similarities and Differences in the Glycosylation Mechanisms in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes |
| title_short | Similarities and Differences in the Glycosylation Mechanisms in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes |
| title_sort | similarities and differences in the glycosylation mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/148178 |
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